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<DIV><A href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117963685/home">Journal
of Biogeography</A></DIV>
<DIV class=volIss><A
href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122314351/issue">Volume 36
Issue 5</A>, Pages 969 - 981</DIV>
<DIV class=pubOnline>Published Online: 10 Feb 2009</DIV>
<DIV class=title-document
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"> </DIV>
<DIV class=title-document
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"><FONT size=4>A
phylogeographical analysis across three biogeographical provinces of the
south-eastern Pacific: the case of the marine gastropod <SPAN
class=i><EM>Concholepas concholepas</EM></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=author-info xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"><SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Leyla</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Cárdenas</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP>*</SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Juan Carlos</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Castilla</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>and <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Frédérique</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Viard</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>3,4</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=addresses xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"><SPAN
class=address><A class=invisible-anchor name=a1><FONT
color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a1> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Instituto de Ecología y Evolución,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile</SPAN> , <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a2><FONT color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a2>
<SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Center for Advanced Studies
in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile</SPAN> , <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a3><FONT color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a3>
<SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>3</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>UPMC Université Paris 06,
UMR 7144, Adaptation & Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique,
Roscoff, France</SPAN> and <A class=invisible-anchor name=a4><FONT
color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a4> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>4</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>CNRS, UMR 7144, Station
Biologique, Roscoff, France</SPAN> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=correspondence-address xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"><A
class=invisible-anchor name=c1><FONT color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=c1>
<SPAN class=number>*</SPAN>Correspondence: Leyla Cárdenas, Instituto de Ecología
y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567,
Valdivia, Chile. E-mail: <A class=externallink
href="mailto:leylacardenas@uach.cl"><FONT
color=#336699>leylacardenas@uach.cl</FONT></A></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV class=abstract-content id=abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding">
<DIV class=summary>
<DIV class=header_divide>
<H1 class=abstract-title id=h1><FONT size=3>ABSTRACT</FONT></H1></DIV>
<P class=para><SPAN class=h5-inline><STRONG>Aim </STRONG></SPAN>The
present-day population structure of a species reflects the influence of
population history as well as contemporary processes. Little is known about the
mechanisms that have shaped the geographical distribution of genetic diversity
in marine species present on the south-eastern Pacific (SEP) coast. Here we
provide the first comprehensive phylogeographical study of a species distributed
along the SEP coast by analysing the endemic and emblematic muricid gastropod
<SPAN class=i><EM>Concholepas concholepas</EM></SPAN>.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=h5-inline><STRONG>Location </STRONG></SPAN>The
study localities were distributed along the SEP coast ranging from Matarani
(11° S) to Puerto Eden (49° S), crossing three major biogeographical
provinces: Peruvian Province, Intermediate Area and Magellanic Province.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=h5-inline><STRONG>Methods </STRONG></SPAN>A total
of 337 specimens of <SPAN class=i><EM>C. concholepas</EM></SPAN> were collected
from 14 localities in the three biogeographical provinces/areas. Mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene partial sequences (658 bp) were obtained
and analysed using coalescence-based methods to infer molecular diversity and
phylogeographical patterns.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=h5-inline><STRONG>Results </STRONG></SPAN>Across
the 337 individuals, we found a large diversity, with a total of 179 haplotypes
at the COI gene fragment. Although a slight decrease in gene diversity was
observed from north to south, an analysis of molecular variance did not reveal
any significant spatial population differentiation from Peru to the tip of
Chile, not even across the recognized biogeographical boundaries at 30° S
and 42° S. In addition, a star-like haplotype network suggested the past
occurrence of a rapid demographic and geographical expansion over the total
range examined. Calculations of the onset of this expansion suggest that it
might be due to climatic conditions during the period of the marine isotope
stage 11 (MIS 11, 400,000 years ago), the longer and warmer interglacial
episode during the Pleistocene epoch.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=h5-inline><STRONG>Main
conclusions </STRONG></SPAN>Our phylogeographical analyses indicate that in
the recent past <SPAN class=i><EM>C. concholepas</EM></SPAN> mitochondrial DNA
lineages underwent a sudden population expansion event. In addition, our data do
not support the hypothesis of concordance between biogeographical barriers and
phylogeographical breaks along the SEP coast. These two results are in
accordance with the paradigm of high larval dispersal ability in marine species
with an extended pelagic larval phase.</P></DIV></DIV>
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