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<DIV><A href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117972213/home">Journal
of Applied Ecology</A></DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122614714/issue">Volume
46 Issue 5</A>, Pages 976 - 982</DIV>
<DIV class=pubOnline>Published Online: 13 Jul 2009</DIV>
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xmlns:url="xalan://com.wiley.wispers.xml.exslt.URLEncoding"><FONT
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<DIV class=title-document xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><FONT
size=4>Fishing impacts on the marine inorganic carbon cycle</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV class=author-info xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Simon</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Jennings</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>1,2</NOBR></SUP>*</SPAN> and <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Rod W.</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Wilson</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>3</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>
<DIV class=addresses><SPAN class=address><SPAN id=a1><SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Centre for Environment, Fisheries
and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK</SPAN> ; <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a2><FONT color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a2>
<SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>School of Environmental
Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK</SPAN> ; and <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a3><FONT color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=a3>
<SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>3</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>School of Biosciences,
Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4PS, UK</SPAN>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=correspondence-address><A class=invisible-anchor name=c1><FONT
color=#336699> </FONT></A><SPAN id=c1> <SPAN
class=number>*</SPAN>Correspondence author. E-mail: <A class=externallink
href="mailto:simon.jennings@cefas.co.uk"><FONT
color=#336699>simon.jennings@cefas.co.uk</FONT></A></SPAN> </DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class=abstract-content id=abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV class=summary>
<DIV class=header_divide>
<H1 class=abstract-title id=h1><FONT size=3>ABSTRACT</FONT></H1></DIV>
<P class=para><SPAN class=number><SPAN class=b><STRONG>1.</STRONG></SPAN>
</SPAN> Teleost fish excrete precipitated carbonate and make significant
contributions to the marine inorganic carbon cycle at regional and global
scales. As total carbonate production is linked to fish size and abundance,
fishing is predicted to affect carbonate production by modifying fish abundance
and size-structure.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=number><SPAN class=b><STRONG>2.</STRONG></SPAN>
</SPAN> We draw on concepts from physiology, metabolic ecology, life
history theory, population dynamics and community ecology to develop, validate
and apply analytical tools to assess fishing impacts on carbonate production.
Outputs suggest that population and community carbonate production fall rapidly
at lower rates of fishing than those used as management targets for sustainable
yield.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=number><SPAN class=b><STRONG>3.</STRONG></SPAN>
</SPAN> Theoretical predictions are corroborated by estimated trends in
carbonate production by a herring population and a coral reef fish community
subject to fishing. Our analytical results build on widely applicable
relationships between life history parameters and metabolic rates, and can be
generalized to most fished ecosystems.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=number><SPAN class=b><STRONG>4.</STRONG></SPAN>
</SPAN> <SPAN class=i><EM>Synthesis and applications</EM></SPAN>. If the
maintenance of chemical processes as well as biological process were adopted as
a management objective for fisheries then the methods we have developed can be
applied to assess the effects of fishing on carbonate production and to advise
on acceptable rates of fishing. Maintenance of this ecosystem service would
require lower rates of fishing mortality than those recommended to achieve
sustainable yield.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>