<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2900.3698" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV><A href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117972213/home"><FONT
color=#000000>Journal of Applied Ecology</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123567849/issue"><FONT
color=#000000>Volume 47 Issue
4</FONT></A>, Pages 741 - 750</DIV>
<DIV class=pubOnline>Published Online: 10 Jun 2010</DIV>
<DIV class=copyrightText> </DIV>
<DIV class=line xmlns:jencode="java.net.URLEncoder"> </DIV>
<DIV class=title-document xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><FONT size=4>Do
changes in environmental and fishing pressures impact marine communities?
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=title-document xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><FONT size=4>An
empirical assessment</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=author-info xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Marie-Joëlle</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Rochet</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP>*</SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Verena M.</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Trenkel</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>André</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Carpentier</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Franck</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Coppin</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Luis
Gil</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>de Sola</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>3</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>,
<SPAN class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Jean-Pierre</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Léauté</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>4</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Jean-Claude</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Mahé</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>5</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Porzia</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Maiorano</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>6</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Alessandro</SPAN> <SPAN
class=surname>Mannini</SPAN> <SUP><NOBR>7</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN
class=name><SPAN class=forenames>Matteo</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Murenu</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>8</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>GerJan</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Piet</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>9</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>Chrissi-Yianna</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Politou</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>10</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>Bruno</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Reale</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>11</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>Maria-Teresa</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Spedicato</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>12</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>, <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>George</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Tserpes</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>13</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>and <SPAN class=name><SPAN
class=forenames>Jacques A.</SPAN> <SPAN class=surname>Bertrand</SPAN>
<SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=addresses xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><SPAN class=address><A
class=invisible-anchor name=a1> </A><SPAN id=a1> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>1</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Ifremer, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes
CEDEX 03, France</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor name=a2> </A><SPAN
id=a2> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>2</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Ifremer, 150, quai
Gambetta, BP 699, 62321 Boulogne-sur-Mer Cedex, France</SPAN> ; <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a3> </A><SPAN id=a3> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>3</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Instituto Español de Oceanografía,
Muelle Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola, Spain</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor
name=a4> </A><SPAN id=a4> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>4</NOBR></SUP>
</SPAN>Ifremer, Place du Seminaire – BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France</SPAN> ; <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a5> </A><SPAN id=a5> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>5</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Ifremer, 8, rue François Toullec,
56100 Lorient, France</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor name=a6> </A><SPAN
id=a6> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>6</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Department of Animal
and Environmental Biology, Università di Bari, Via Orabona, 4 – 70125 Bari,
Italy</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor name=a7> </A><SPAN id=a7> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>7</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Università di Genoa – DIP.TE.RIS.,
Viale Benedetto XV, 3 – 16132 Genoa, Italy</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor
name=a8> </A><SPAN id=a8> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>8</NOBR></SUP>
</SPAN>Dipartimento Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di
Cagliari, V.le Poetto, 1 – 09126 Cagliari, Italy</SPAN> ; <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a9> </A><SPAN id=a9> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>9</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Wageningen IMARES, PO Box 68, 1970
AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor
name=a10> </A><SPAN id=a10> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>10</NOBR></SUP>
</SPAN>Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological
Resources, Agios Kosmas, 16777 Helliniko, Greece</SPAN> ; <A
class=invisible-anchor name=a11> </A><SPAN id=a11> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>11</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>C.I.B.M., V.le N. Sauro, 4 –
57128 Livorno, Italy</SPAN> ; <A class=invisible-anchor name=a12> </A><SPAN
id=a12> <SPAN class=number><SUP><NOBR>12</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>COISPA TECNOLOGIA
& RICERCA, Via dei Trulli, 18/20, 70126 – BARI, Torre a Mare, Italy</SPAN> ;
and <A class=invisible-anchor name=a13> </A><SPAN id=a13> <SPAN
class=number><SUP><NOBR>13</NOBR></SUP> </SPAN>Hellenic Centre for Marine
Research, PO Box 2214, 71003 Poros, Heraklion, Greece</SPAN> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=correspondence-address xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><A
class=invisible-anchor name=c1> </A><SPAN id=c1> <SPAN
class=number>*</SPAN>Correspondence author.E-mail: <A class=externallink
href="mailto:mjrochet@ifremer.fr"><FONT
color=#000000>mjrochet@ifremer.fr</FONT></A></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV class=bpg40copyright xmlns:jencode="java.net.URLEncoder">Copyright Journal
compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society</DIV>
<DIV class=keyword-title>KEYWORDS</DIV>
<DIV class=keywords>bottom-up control • community metrics • compensation •
ecosystem approach to fisheries • ecosystem assessment • functional groups •
groundfish community • Mediterranean • North Atlantic • top-down control</DIV>
<DIV class=abstract-title id=h1>ABSTRACT</DIV>
<DIV class=abstract-content xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:jencode="java.net.URLEncoder" xmlns:md="urn:mdransfi-functions"
xmlns:f="http://wiley.com/wispers/content/function"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<P class=para><SPAN class=b><STRONG>1.</STRONG></SPAN> The development of
ecosystem approaches to environmental management implies the need to account for
multiple pressures on ecosystems. Trends in multiple metrics that respond
differently to changes in major environmental pressures need to be combined to
evaluate the impacts of fishing and environmental changes on fish
communities.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=b><STRONG>2.</STRONG></SPAN> An exploited fish
community is viewed as a three-level food chain in which the two upper levels,
or functional groups, are targeted by fishing fleets, while the lowest level is
subject to environmental variation. Qualitative modelling is used to predict
changes at the two upper levels, that is, top-down vs. bottom-up perturbations.
Abundance and length metrics are calculated from survey data for 14
Mediterranean and East-Atlantic groundfish shelf communities at both population
and functional group levels. The joint likelihood of time trends in metrics is
used to evaluate the evidence for different causes of changes.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=b><STRONG>3.</STRONG></SPAN> A wide diversity of
impacts is found to have equal evidence at the population level within each
community. Consistency between the impacts identified and changes in pressures
known from independent information is found at the functional group and
community level. The results suggest that there is some compensation between
species within functional groups.</P>
<P class=para><SPAN class=b><STRONG>4.</STRONG></SPAN> <SPAN
class=i><EM>Synthesis and applications.</EM></SPAN> The method can be used to
conduct an integrated assessment of community dynamics subject to multiple
pressures. Joint trends in metrics provide evidence of which known pressures are
having an impact on the community, and thus, which management actions should be
taken to mitigate these changes.</P></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>