<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META content="MSHTML 6.00.2900.3698" name=GENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV class=articleTitle sizcache="1" sizset="5">
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate>
<DIV id=productTitle sizcache="1" sizset="5"><STRONG>Journal of Animal
Ecology</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV class=articleDetails sizcache="1" sizset="5"><A
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jane.2011.80.issue-4/issuetoc"
shape=rect><FONT color=#000000><SPAN id=volumeNumber>Volume 80</SPAN>, <SPAN
id=issueNumber>Issue 4</SPAN>, </FONT></A><SPAN id=issuePages>pages
799–808</SPAN>, <SPAN id=issueDate>July 2011</SPAN></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>Article first published online: 2 MAR 2011</DIV>
<DIV id=doi>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01821.x</DIV>
<DIV class=copyright id=copyright> </DIV>
<DIV id=productTitle sizcache="1" sizset="5"><FONT size=4>El Niño in the Warm
Tropics: local sea temperature predicts breeding parameters and growth of
blue-footed boobies</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class="citation articleInformationHeader" sizcache="1" sizset="5"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=cr1 sizcache="1" sizset="5">Sergio Ancona<SUP>1,*</SUP>, Salvador
Sánchez-Colón<SUP>2</SUP>, Cristina Rodríguez<SUP>1</SUP>, Hugh
Drummond<SUP>1</SUP></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate><SUP>1</SUP> Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva,
Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-275,
México D.F. 04510, México<SUP>2</SUP> Consultoría Ambiental y Estadística,
Cerrada de Cortés 43, México D.F. 01049, México*Correspondence: Sergio
Ancona, E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A
title="Link to email address" href="mailto:ancona.s@gmail.com" shape=rect><FONT
color=#007e8a>ancona.s@gmail.com</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV class="citation articleInformationHeader" sizcache="1" sizset="5"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=additionalInformation>
<DIV style="CLEAR: left">
<UL class="" id=footnotes><FONT color=#007e8a></FONT></UL>
<DIV id=publicationHistoryDetails jQuery1307458721694="10">
<H4>Summary</H4></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=productContent>
<DIV id=fulltext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=abstract>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>1.</B> There is increasing interest in the impacts of El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) on reproduction of apical predators such as seabirds and
marine mammals. Long-term studies documenting ENSO effects on reproduction of
seabirds in the warm tropics are scarce, and differential sensitivity of
breeding parameters to ENSO has rarely been explored.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>2.</B> Analysis of 18 years of breeding data from a colony of the
blue-footed booby <EM>Sula nebouxii</EM> (Milne-Edwards) showed a delay in onset
of breeding when the global Southern Oscillation Index was negative; each unit
of the atmospheric pressure differential (hPa) across the Pacific Ocean meant a
delay of 7 days.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>3.</B> ENSO conditions also produced declines in breeding participation,
clutch size, brood size, hatching success and fledging success, especially when
surface waters surrounding the colony were warmer during winter and spring. Each
additional degree (°C) of water temperature produced a reduction of 0·45
fledglings per nest. Different breeding parameters were sensitive to ENSO
indices in different blocks of months.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>4.</B> Warming of local waters during the winter was associated with
decline in ocean productivity in the current year and the following year,
consistent with ENSO impacts on breeding parameters being mediated by effects on
local productivity and prey availability. However, there was no evidence of
lagged effects of ENSO on any breeding parameter.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>5.</B> Comparison of 5 years revealed that when local surface waters
were warm, chicks grew more slowly, but no effects of ENSO on weight and size of
eggs were evident in data of 9 and 7 years, respectively.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>6.</B> Our findings extend evidence of impacts of ENSO on seabird
reproduction to the eastern tropical Pacific and indicate that several breeding
parameters of blue-footed boobies (but not egg size) are affected in the short
term by ENSO conditions, particularly by local anomalies in sea surface
temperature associated with decline in ocean
productivity.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>