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<DIV class=journal-title minmax_bound="true"><FONT size=4>Nature </FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=journal-title minmax_bound="true">Volume: 475<SPAN
minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN> Pages: 86–90 </DIV>
<DIV minmax_bound="true">(07 July 2011) </DIV>
<DIV minmax_bound="true">doi:10.1038/nature10082 </DIV>
<DIV minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class=article-heading minmax_bound="true"><FONT size=4>Tracking apex marine
predator movements in a dynamic ocean</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-1"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">B. A.
Block</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="21"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-2"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">I. D.
Jonsen</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="23"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a2"
minmax_bound="true">2</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-3"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">S. J.
Jorgensen</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="25" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-4"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">A. J.
Winship</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="27"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a2"
minmax_bound="true">2</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-5"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">S. A.
Shaffer</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="29"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a3"
minmax_bound="true">3</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-6"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">S. J.
Bograd</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="31"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a4"
minmax_bound="true">4</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-7"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">E. L.
Hazen</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="33"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a4"
minmax_bound="true">4</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-8"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">D. G.
Foley</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="35"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a4"
minmax_bound="true">4</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-9"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">G. A.
Breed</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="37"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a2"
minmax_bound="true">2</A>, <A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-10"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">A.-L.
Harrison</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="40" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-11"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">J. E.
Ganong</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="42"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-12"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">A.
Swithenbank</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="44" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-13"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">M.
Castleton</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="46" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-14"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">H. Dewar</SPAN></A><SPAN
class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="48" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a6"
minmax_bound="true">6</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-15"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">B. R.
Mate</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="50"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a7"
minmax_bound="true">7</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-16"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">G. L.
Shillinger</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="52" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-17"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">K. M.
Schaefer</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP
sizset="54" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a8"
minmax_bound="true">8</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-18"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">S. R.
Benson</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="56"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a9"
minmax_bound="true">9</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-19"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">M. J.
Weise</SPAN></A><SPAN class=comma minmax_bound="true">,</SPAN><SUP sizset="58"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A></SUP> <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-20"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">R. W.
Henry</SPAN></A><SUP sizset="60" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A></SUP> & <A class=name
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20110707#auth-21"
minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=fn minmax_bound="true">D. P.
Costa</SPAN></A><SUP sizset="62" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#a5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A></SUP> </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Stanford
University, Biology Department, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove,
California 93950, USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">B. A.
Block, S. J. Jorgensen, J. E. Ganong, A. Swithenbank, M. Castleton & G. L.
Shillinger </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Dalhousie
University, Department of Biology, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J1, Canada</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">I. D.
Jonsen, A. J. Winship & G. A. Breed </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">San Jose
State University, Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose, California 95192,
USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">S. A.
Shaffer </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">NOAA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Pacific
Grove, California 93950, USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">S. J.
Bograd, E. L. Hazen & D. G. Foley </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">University
of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology,
Long Marine Laboratory, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USAG. A. Breed, A.-L.
Harrison, M. J. Weise, R. W. Henry & D. P. Costa </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">NOAA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Research Division, La Jolla,
California 92037, USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">H. Dewar
</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Oregon
State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365,
USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">B. R. Mate
</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true">Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla,
California 92037, USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">K. M.
Schaefer </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">NOAA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Protected Resources Division, La Jolla,
California 92037, USA</DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">S. R.
Benson </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class="vcard c1" sizset="20" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"><STRONG>ABSTRACT</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV class=journal-title minmax_bound="true"> </DIV></HEADER
minmax_bound="true"><SECTION minmax_bound="true">
<DIV class="section first no-nav no-title first-no-nav" sizset="66"
sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">
<DIV class=content sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><ASIDE
minmax_bound="true">
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Pelagic
marine predators face unprecedented challenges and uncertain futures.
Overexploitation and climate variability impact the abundance and distribution
of top predators in ocean ecosystems<SUP sizset="79" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"><A id=ref-link-1
title="Robinson, R. A. et al. Travelling through a warming world: climate change and migratory species. Endanger. Species Res. 7, 87-99 (2009)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref1"
minmax_bound="true">1</A>, <A id=ref-link-2
title="Chavez, F. P. et al. From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific ocean. Science 299, 217-221 (2003)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref2"
minmax_bound="true">2</A>, <A id=ref-link-3
title="Myers, R. A. & Worm, B. Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423, 280-283 (2003)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref3"
minmax_bound="true">3</A>, <A id=ref-link-4
title="Costa, D. P. et al. Approaches to studying climate change and habitat selection of Antarctic pinnipeds. Integr. Comp. Biol. 50, 1018-1030 (2010)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref4"
minmax_bound="true">4</A></SUP>. Improved understanding of ecological patterns,
evolutionary constraints and ecosystem function is critical for preventing
extinctions, loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystem services. </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Recent
advances in electronic tagging techniques have provided the capacity to observe
the movements and long-distance migrations of animals in relation to ocean
processes across a range of ecological scales<SUP sizset="83" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"><A id=ref-link-5
title="Shillinger, G. et al. Persistent leatherback turtle migration corridor presents opportunities for conservation. PLoS Biol. 6, e171 (2008)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref5"
minmax_bound="true">5</A>, <A id=ref-link-6
title="Shaffer, S. A. et al. Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 12799-12802 (2006)"
href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/full/nature10082.html#ref6"
minmax_bound="true">6</A></SUP>. <STRONG><U>Tagging of Pacific
Predators</U></STRONG>, a field programme of the<STRONG><U> Census of Marine
Life</U></STRONG>, deployed 4,306 tags on 23 species in the North Pacific Ocean,
resulting in a tracking data set of unprecedented scale and species diversity
that covers 265,386 tracking days from 2000 to 2009. </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Here we
report migration pathways, link ocean features to multispecies hotspots and
illustrate niche partitioning within and among congener guilds. Our results
indicate that the California Current large marine ecosystem and the North
Pacific transition zone attract and retain a diverse assemblage of marine
vertebrates. </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">Within
the California Current large marine ecosystem, several predator guilds
seasonally undertake north–south migrations that may be driven by oceanic
processes, species-specific thermal tolerances and shifts in prey distributions.
We identify critical habitats across multinational boundaries and show that top
predators exploit their environment in predictable ways, providing the
foundation for spatial management of large marine ecosystems.</DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19"
minmax_bound="true"> </DIV>
<DIV class=article-tools sizset="66" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true">
<H2 minmax_bound="true">Figures at a glance</H2>
<DIV class=figure-browser sizset="89" sizcache="19" minmax_bound="true"><A
class="nav left" tabIndex=0 href="javascript:;" minmax_bound="true"
jQuery1309977329782="443"><SPAN minmax_bound="true"></SPAN></A>
<DIV class="thumbs masking" style="LEFT: 30px; WIDTH: 188px"
minmax_bound="true">
<OL style="LEFT: -643px; VISIBILITY: visible" minmax_bound="true"
jQuery1309977329782="451">
<LI style="LEFT: 0px; TOP: 10px" minmax_bound="true"><FIGURE
minmax_bound="true"><FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class="legend cleared" minmax_bound="true">Figure 1: <B
minmax_bound="true">All TOPP species state space position estimates and
distribution from electronic tagging.</B> </SPAN></FIGCAPTION
minmax_bound="true"><A href="javascript:;" minmax_bound="true"
jQuery1309977329782="433"><IMG class=fig
id=figure-browser-thumb-nature10082-f1-2
title="Figure 1: All TOPP species state space position estimates and distribution from electronic tagging."
style="WIDTH: 133px; HEIGHT: 100px" alt=""
src="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/carousel/nature10082-f1.2.jpg"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="195"></A>
<DIV class=description minmax_bound="true">
<P minmax_bound="true"><B minmax_bound="true">a</B>, Daily mean position
estimates (circles) and annual median deployment locations (white squares) of
all tagged species. <B minmax_bound="true">b</B>, Daily mean position
estimates of the major TOPP guilds (from left): tunas (yellowfin, bluefin and
albacore), pinnipeds (northern elephant seals, California sea lions and
northern fur seals), sharks (salmon, white, blue, common thresher and mako),
seabirds (Laysan and black-footed albatrosses and sooty shearwaters), sea
turtles (leatherback and loggerhead) and cetaceans (blue, fin, sperm and
humpback whales).</P></DIV></FIGURE minmax_bound="true"></LI>
<LI style="LEFT: 143px; TOP: 10px" minmax_bound="true"><FIGURE
minmax_bound="true"><FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class="legend cleared" minmax_bound="true">Figure 2: <B
minmax_bound="true">Fidelity and attraction to the CCLME.</B>
</SPAN></FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><A href="javascript:;"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="435"><IMG class=fig
id=figure-browser-thumb-nature10082-f2-2
title="Figure 2: Fidelity and attraction to the CCLME."
style="WIDTH: 213px; HEIGHT: 100px" alt=""
src="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/carousel/nature10082-f2.2.jpg"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="245"></A>
<DIV class=description minmax_bound="true">
<P minmax_bound="true"><B minmax_bound="true">a</B>, Examples of pelagic
predators released and electronically tracked in the CCLME that show fidelity
to deployment locations and the CCLME. We show the release locations (square),
pop-up satellite end point locations (triangle) and daily mean positions
(circles) of the following species: yellowfin tuna (yellow), bluefin tuna
(white), white shark (red), elephant seal (blue) and salmon shark (orange). <B
minmax_bound="true">b</B>, Individual tracks of pelagic animals released
>2,000<SPAN class=mb minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=mb
minmax_bound="true"> </SPAN></SPAN>km away from the CCLME that are indicative
of cross-basin or ecosystem attraction to, and temporary residency within, the
eastern North Pacific. Symbols are as in <B minmax_bound="true">a</B>, for
leatherback sea turtles (green), sooty shearwaters (pink), fur seals (pale
yellow), black-footed albatrosses (black) and salmon sharks
(orange).</P></DIV></FIGURE minmax_bound="true"></LI>
<LI style="LEFT: 366px; TOP: 10px" minmax_bound="true"><FIGURE
minmax_bound="true"><FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class="legend cleared" minmax_bound="true">Figure 3: <B
minmax_bound="true">Latitudinal migration cycles and seasonal climatologies
within the CCLME.</B> </SPAN></FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><A
href="javascript:;" minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="437"><IMG
class=fig id=figure-browser-thumb-nature10082-f3-2
title="Figure 3: Latitudinal migration cycles and seasonal climatologies within the CCLME."
style="WIDTH: 138px; HEIGHT: 100px" alt=""
src="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/carousel/nature10082-f3.2.jpg"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="295"></A>
<DIV class=description minmax_bound="true">
<P minmax_bound="true"><B minmax_bound="true">a</B>, Monthly mean latitudes of
predators residing within or migrating to the CCLME. Black line segments
denote gaps where no data were available. Sample sizes indicate the numbers of
individual tracks contributing to the time series. <B
minmax_bound="true">b</B>, Seasonal climatologies in the California Current
for tunas (Pacific bluefin, blue; yellowfin, black), sharks (salmon shark,
brown; shortfin mako, black; white shark, blue) and blue whales relative to
median chlorophyll <I minmax_bound="true">a</I> densities and SST values
between 2000 and 2009.</P></DIV></FIGURE minmax_bound="true"></LI>
<LI style="LEFT: 515px; TOP: 10px" minmax_bound="true"><FIGURE
minmax_bound="true"><FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class="legend cleared" minmax_bound="true">Figure 4: <B
minmax_bound="true">Predator density maps and residency patterns.</B>
</SPAN></FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><A href="javascript:;"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="439"><IMG class=fig
id=figure-browser-thumb-nature10082-f4-2
title="Figure 4: Predator density maps and residency patterns."
style="WIDTH: 118px; HEIGHT: 100px" alt=""
src="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/carousel/nature10082-f4.2.jpg"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="345"></A>
<DIV class=description minmax_bound="true">
<P minmax_bound="true"><B minmax_bound="true">a</B>, Density of large marine
predators within the eastern North Pacific. Densities of the time-weighted and
species-normalized position estimates of all tagged individuals were summed
within 1°<SPAN class=mb minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=mb
minmax_bound="true"> </SPAN></SPAN>×<SPAN class=mb minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class=mb minmax_bound="true"> </SPAN></SPAN>1° grid cells. <B
minmax_bound="true">b</B>, Density of large marine predators within the CCLME
at a 0.25°<SPAN class=mb minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=mb
minmax_bound="true"> </SPAN></SPAN>×<SPAN class=mb minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class=mb minmax_bound="true"> </SPAN></SPAN>0.25° resolution. <B
minmax_bound="true">c</B>, Patterns of resident (slow, area-restricted
movements) versus transient (fast, directed movements) behaviours of predators
that primarily occupied or migrated to the CCLME, estimated using a switching
state-space model. The coloured points grading from blue to yellow display the
posterior mean probability of the resident behaviour associated with each
daily mean position estimate. Each panel displays residency patterns for ten
individuals. Uncertainty in position estimates in <B minmax_bound="true">a</B>
and <B minmax_bound="true">b</B> is included by calculating densities using
all 2000 Markov chain Monte Carlo samples from the joint posterior
distributions of the daily positions, rather than using only the posterior
means. SST contours in <B minmax_bound="true">a</B> are denoted by solid white
lines. Exclusive economic zones are delineated by solid black
lines.</P></DIV></FIGURE minmax_bound="true"></LI>
<LI style="LEFT: 643px; TOP: 10px" minmax_bound="true"><FIGURE
minmax_bound="true"><FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><SPAN
class="legend cleared" minmax_bound="true">Figure 5: <B
minmax_bound="true">Niche separation within three predator guilds.</B>
</SPAN></FIGCAPTION minmax_bound="true"><A href="javascript:;"
minmax_bound="true" jQuery1309977329782="441"><IMG class=fig
id=figure-browser-thumb-nature10082-f5-2
title="Figure 5: Niche separation within three predator guilds."
style="WIDTH: 294px; HEIGHT: 100px" alt=""
src="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7354/carousel/nature10082-f5.2.jpg"
minmax_bound="true"
jQuery1309977329782="395"></A></LI></OL></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>