
<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="RIGHT: auto">Estimados,</div>

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<div style="RIGHT: auto">Science (una de las revistas cientificas mas importantes del mundo) acaba de publicar 2 articulos en los que son coautores cientificos peruanos del Instituto del Mar del Peru.</div>

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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto" id=slugline jQuery1311536208953="2"><CITE style="RIGHT: auto"><SPAN style="RIGHT: auto" class="slug-metadata-note ahead-of-print">Published Online <SPAN style="RIGHT: auto" class=slug-ahead-of-print-date>21 July 2011</SPAN><BR></SPAN><SPAN class=ahead-of-print-journal-name><EM>Science</EM> </SPAN>DOI: <SPAN class=slug-doi title=10.1126/science.1209395>10.1126/science.1209395 </SPAN></CITE></DIV>

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<DIV style="RIGHT: auto" class="article abstract-view" jQuery1311536208953="4" sizset="0" sizcache="7"><SPAN class=highwire-journal-article-marker-start></SPAN>

<H1 style="RIGHT: auto" id=article-title-1>Impacts of Fishing Low–Trophic Level Species on Marine Ecosystems</H1>

<DIV class=contributors sizset="0" sizcache="6">

<OL id=contrib-group-1 class=contributor-list>

<LI id=contrib-1 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Anthony+D.M.+Smith&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Anthony D.M. Smith</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311536208953="15"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-2 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Christopher+J.+Brown&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Christopher J. Brown</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-2-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-2" jQuery1311536208953="16"><SUP>2</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-3-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-3" jQuery1311536208953="17"><SUP>3</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-3 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Catherine+M.+Bulman&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Catherine M. Bulman</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311536208953="18"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-4 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Elizabeth+A.+Fulton&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Elizabeth A. Fulton</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-3 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311536208953="19"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-5 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Penny+Johnson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Penny Johnson</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-4 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311536208953="20"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-6 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Isaac+C.+Kaplan&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Isaac C. Kaplan</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-4-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-4" jQuery1311536208953="21"><SUP>4</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-7 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Hector+Lozano-Montes&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Hector Lozano-Montes</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-5-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-5" jQuery1311536208953="22"><SUP>5</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-8 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Steven+Mackinson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Steven Mackinson</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-6-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-6" jQuery1311536208953="23"><SUP>6</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-9 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Martin+Marzloff&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Martin Marzloff</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-5 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311536208953="24"><SUP>1</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-7-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-7" jQuery1311536208953="25"><SUP>7</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-10 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Lynne+J.+Shannon&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Lynne J. Shannon</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-8-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-8" jQuery1311536208953="26"><SUP>8</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-11 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Yunne-Jai+Shin&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Yunne-Jai Shin</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-8-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-8" jQuery1311536208953="27"><SUP>8</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-9-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-9" jQuery1311536208953="28"><SUP>9</SUP></A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-12 class=last><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=Jorge+Tam&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Jorge Tam</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-10-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-10" jQuery1311536208953="29"><SUP>10</SUP></A></LI></OL>

<div class=affiliation-list-reveal><A class=view-more href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#" jQuery1311536208953="14">-</A> Author Affiliations</div>

<OL class="affiliation-list showaffil">

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-1 name=aff-1></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>1</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-2 name=aff-2></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>2</SUP>School of Biological Sciences, The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-3 name=aff-3></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>3</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Climate Adaptations Flagship, Cleveland, QLD 4163, Australia. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-4 name=aff-4></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>4</SUP>National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-5 name=aff-5></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>5</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-6 name=aff-6></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>6</SUP>Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-7 name=aff-7></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>7</SUP>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-8 name=aff-8></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>8</SUP>University of Cape Town, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute and Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-9 name=aff-9></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>9</SUP>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212 Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, 34203 Sète, France. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-10 name=aff-10></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>10</SUP>Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n, Callao, Perú. </ADDRESS></LI></OL></DIV>

<H2 style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract">Abstract</H2>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" id=p-1 class="section abstract">Low–trophic level species account for over 30% of global fisheries production and contribute significantly to global food security. Here, we use a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low–trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we find that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems, while still achieving 80% of MSY. </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract"><EM>Science<SPAN class=slug-pub-date> 15 July 2011: </SPAN><BR><SPAN class=slug-vol>Vol. 333 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-issue>no. 6040 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-pages>pp. 291-292 </SPAN><BR>DOI: <SPAN class=slug-doi title=10.1126/science.1208730>10.1126/science.1208730 </SPAN></EM></div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" class="section abstract"><STRONG>High Value and Long Life—Double Jeopardy for Tunas and Billfishes</STRONG></div>

<DIV style="RIGHT: auto" class="article summary-view" sizset="0" sizcache="7" jQuery1311535603234="6">

<DIV class=contributors sizset="0" sizcache="6">

<OL id=contrib-group-1 class=contributor-list>

<LI id=contrib-1 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=B.+B.+Collette&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">B. B. Collette</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-1" jQuery1311535603234="21">1</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-corresp-1-1 class=xref-corresp href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#corresp-1">*</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-2 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=K.+E.+Carpenter&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">K. E. Carpenter</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-2-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-2" jQuery1311535603234="22">2</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-3-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-3" jQuery1311535603234="23">3</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-3 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=B.+A.+Polidoro&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">B. A. Polidoro</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-2-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-2" jQuery1311535603234="24">2</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-3-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-3" jQuery1311535603234="25">3</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-4 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=M.+J.+Juan-Jord%C3%A1&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">M. J. Juan-Jordá</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-4-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-4" jQuery1311535603234="26">4</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-5-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-5" jQuery1311535603234="27">5</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-5 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=A.+Boustany&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">A. Boustany</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-6-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-6" jQuery1311535603234="28">6</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-6 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=D.+J.+Die&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">D. J. Die</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-7-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-7" jQuery1311535603234="29">7</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-7 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=C.+Elfes&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">C. Elfes</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-8-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-8" jQuery1311535603234="30">8</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-8 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=W.+Fox&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">W. Fox</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-9-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-9" jQuery1311535603234="31">9</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-9 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=J.+Graves&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">J. Graves</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-10-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-10" jQuery1311535603234="32">10</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-10 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=L.+R.+Harrison&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">L. R. Harrison</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-11-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-11" jQuery1311535603234="33">11</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-12-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-12" jQuery1311535603234="34">12</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-11 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+McManus&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. McManus</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-14-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-14" jQuery1311535603234="35">14</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-12 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=C.+V.+Minte-Vera&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">C. V. Minte-Vera</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-15-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-15" jQuery1311535603234="36">15</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-13 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+Nelson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. Nelson</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-16-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-16" jQuery1311535603234="37">16</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-14 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=V.+Restrepo&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">V. Restrepo</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-17-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-17" jQuery1311535603234="38">17</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-15 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=J.+Schratwieser&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">J. Schratwieser</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-18-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-18" jQuery1311535603234="39">18</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-16 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=C.-L.+Sun&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">C.-L. Sun</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-19-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-19" jQuery1311535603234="40">19</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-17 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=A.+Amorim&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">A. Amorim</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-20-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-20" jQuery1311535603234="41">20</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-18 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=M.+Brick+Peres&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">M. Brick Peres</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-21-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-21" jQuery1311535603234="42">21</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-19 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=C.+Canales&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">C. Canales</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-22-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-22" jQuery1311535603234="43">22</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-20 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=G.+Cardenas&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">G. Cardenas</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-23-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-23" jQuery1311535603234="44">23</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-21 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=S.-K.+Chang&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">S.-K. Chang</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-24-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-24" jQuery1311535603234="45">24</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-22 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=W.-C.+Chiang&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">W.-C. Chiang</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-25-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-25" jQuery1311535603234="46">25</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-26-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-26" jQuery1311535603234="47">26</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-23 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=N.+de+Oliveira+Leite+Jr.&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">N. de Oliveira Leite Jr.</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-21-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-21" jQuery1311535603234="48">21</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-24 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=H.+Harwell&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">H. Harwell</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-2-3 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-2" jQuery1311535603234="49">2</A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A id=xref-aff-3-3 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-3" jQuery1311535603234="50">3</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-25 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+Lessa&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. Lessa</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-27-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-27" jQuery1311535603234="51">27</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-26 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=F.+L.+Fredou&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">F. L. Fredou</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-27-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-27" jQuery1311535603234="52">27</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-27 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=H.+A.+Oxenford&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">H. A. Oxenford</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-28-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-28" jQuery1311535603234="53">28</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-28 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+Serra&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. Serra</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-22-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-22" jQuery1311535603234="54">22</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-29 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=K.-T.+Shao&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">K.-T. Shao</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-29-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-29" jQuery1311535603234="55">29</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-30 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+Sumaila&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. Sumaila</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-30-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-30" jQuery1311535603234="56">30</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-31 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=S.-P.+Wang&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">S.-P. Wang</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-31-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-31" jQuery1311535603234="57">31</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-32 class=contributor><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=R.+Watson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">R. Watson</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-30-2 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-30" jQuery1311535603234="58">30</A>, </LI>

<LI id=contrib-33 class=last><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/search?author1=E.+Y%C3%A1%C3%B1ez&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">E. Yáñez</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-32-1 class=xref-aff href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#aff-32" jQuery1311535603234="59">32</A></LI></OL>

<div class=affiliation-list-reveal><A class=view-more href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#" jQuery1311535603234="20">-</A> Author Affiliations</div>

<OL class="affiliation-list showaffil">

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-1 name=aff-1></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>1</SUP>National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-2 name=aff-2></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>2</SUP>International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Species Programme, Switzerland. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-3 name=aff-3></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>3</SUP>Old Dominion University, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-4 name=aff-4></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>4</SUP>Universidad de A Coruña, Spain. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-5 name=aff-5></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>5</SUP>AZTI Fundazioa, Spain. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-6 name=aff-6></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>6</SUP>Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-7 name=aff-7></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>7</SUP>University of Miami, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-8 name=aff-8></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>8</SUP>Conservation International, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-9 name=aff-9></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>9</SUP>World Wildlife Fund, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-10 name=aff-10></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>10</SUP>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-11 name=aff-11></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>11</SUP>IUCN Species Survival Commission's Shark Specialist Group, Canada. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-12 name=aff-12></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>12</SUP>Simon Fraser University, Canada. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-13 name=aff-13></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>13</SUP>IUCN Species Survival Commission, Switzerland. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-14 name=aff-14></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>14</SUP>Perry Institute of Marine Science, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-15 name=aff-15></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>15</SUP>Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-16 name=aff-16></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>16</SUP>Nelson Resources Consulting, Inc., USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-17 name=aff-17></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>17</SUP>International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-18 name=aff-18></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>18</SUP>International Game Fish Association, USA. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-19 name=aff-19></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>19</SUP>National Taiwan University, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-20 name=aff-20></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>20</SUP>Instituto de Pesca, Brazil. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-21 name=aff-21></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>21</SUP>Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Brazil. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-22 name=aff-22></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>22</SUP>Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Chile. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-23 name=aff-23></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>23</SUP>Instituto del Mar del Peru, Peru. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-24 name=aff-24></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>24</SUP>National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-25 name=aff-25></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>25</SUP>Fisheries Research Institute, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-26 name=aff-26></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>26</SUP>Eastern Marine Biology Research Center, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-27 name=aff-27></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>27</SUP>Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-28 name=aff-28></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>28</SUP>Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies, University of the West Indies, Barbados. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-29 name=aff-29></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>29</SUP>Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-30 name=aff-30></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>30</SUP>The University of British Columbia, Canada. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-31 name=aff-31></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>31</SUP>National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan. </ADDRESS></LI>

<LI class=aff><A id=aff-32 name=aff-32></A>

<ADDRESS><SUP>32</SUP>Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile. </ADDRESS></LI></OL>

<OL class=corresp-list>

<LI id=corresp-1 class=corresp><A class=rev-xref href="http://us.mg5.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#xref-corresp-1-1">↵</A><SPAN class=corresp-label>*</SPAN>[For complete addresses, see supporting online material.] Author for correspondence. E-mail: <A href="mailto:collettb@si.edu">collettb@si.edu</A></LI></OL></DIV>

<DIV style="RIGHT: auto" id=abstract-2 class="section summary">

<H2>Summary</H2>

<div style="RIGHT: auto" id=p-2>There is growing concern that in spite of the healthy status of several epipelagic (living near the surface) fish stocks (<EM>1</EM>), some scombrid (tunas, bonitos, mackerels, and Spanish mackerels) and billfish (swordfish and marlins) species are heavily overfished and that there is a lack of resolve to protect against overexploitation driven by high prices (<EM>2</EM>–<EM>5</EM>). Many populations are exploited by multinational fisheries whose regulation, from a political perspective, is exceedingly difficult. Thus, assessment and management is complicated and sometimes ineffective (<EM>4</EM>). Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) were created to manage and conserve scombrids and billfishes because of their transnational distributions and widespread economic importance (<EM>6</EM>). However, species-specific catch data for many scombrids and billfishes are not collected or are aggregated with other

 species. Even for the larger tunas, for which relatively rich data exist, population assessments and data are complex (<EM>1</EM>) and are difficult to combine across RFMOs, which prompts a need for alternative means of assessment. </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto">Saludos,</div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto"> </div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto">Raul Sanchez Scaglioni</div>

<div style="RIGHT: auto">Ambiente, infraestructura y desarrollo<VAR id=yui-ie-cursor></VAR></div></DIV></DIV></DIV></div></body></html>