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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>Science</ABBR><SPAN class=slug-pub-date> 5 August 2011:
</SPAN><BR><SPAN class=slug-vol>Vol. 333 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-issue>no. 6043
</SPAN><SPAN class=slug-pages>pp. 712-717 </SPAN><BR>DOI: </FONT><SPAN
class=slug-doi title=10.1126/science.1200488><FONT face=Arial
size=2>10.1126/science.1200488</FONT> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV class="article abstract-view" sizset="0" sizcache="10"
jQuery1313463718022="5"><SPAN
class=highwire-journal-article-marker-start></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV id=article-title-1><FONT size=4>The Future of Seawater Desalination:
Energy, Technology, and the Environment</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class="article abstract-view" sizset="0" sizcache="10"
jQuery1313463718022="5">
<DIV class=contributor id=contrib-1 sizset="0" sizcache="9"><SPAN class=name><A
class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Menachem+Elimelech&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Menachem
Elimelech</A></SPAN><A class=xref-corresp id=xref-corresp-1-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/712.short#corresp-1">*</A>,
<SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=William+A.+Phillip&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">William
A. Phillip</A></SPAN><A class=xref-fn id=xref-fn-1-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/712.short#fn-1">†</A> </DIV>
<P class=affiliation-list-reveal sizset="0" sizcache="8">Department of Chemical
and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286,
USA.<SPAN class=corresp-label>*</SPAN>To whom correspondence should be
addressed. E-mail: <A
href="mailto:menachem.elimelech@yale.edu">menachem.elimelech@yale.edu</A> <SPAN
class=fn-label>†</SPAN> Present address: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556–5637, USA. </P>
<DIV class="section abstract" id=abstract-2>
<H2><FONT size=3>Abstract</FONT></H2>
<P id=p-3>In recent years, numerous large-scale seawater desalination plants
have been built in water-stressed countries to augment available water
resources, and construction of new desalination plants is expected to increase
in the near future. Despite major advancements in desalination technologies,
seawater desalination is still more energy intensive compared to conventional
technologies for the treatment of fresh water. There are also concerns about the
potential environmental impacts of large-scale seawater desalination plants.
Here, we review the possible reductions in energy demand by state-of-the-art
seawater desalination technologies, the potential role of advanced materials and
innovative technologies in improving performance, and the sustainability of
desalination as a technological solution to global water shortages.
</P></DIV></DIV></FONT><BR>
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