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<DIV id=slugline jQuery1314320506442="3"><CITE><SPAN
class="slug-metadata-note ahead-of-print">Published Online <SPAN
class=slug-ahead-of-print-date>July 21 2011</SPAN><BR></SPAN><ABBR
class=slug-jnl-abbrev title=Science>Science</ABBR><SPAN class=slug-pub-date> 26
August 2011: </SPAN><BR><SPAN class=slug-vol>Vol. 333 </SPAN><SPAN
class=slug-issue>no. 6046 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-pages>pp. 1147-1150
</SPAN><BR>DOI: <SPAN class=slug-doi
title=10.1126/science.1209395>10.1126/science.1209395 </SPAN></CITE></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV class="article abstract-view" sizset="0" sizcache="13"
jQuery1314320506442="5"><SPAN
class=highwire-journal-article-marker-start></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV id=article-title-1><FONT size=4>Impacts of Fishing Low–Trophic Level
Species on Marine Ecosystems</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=contributor id=contrib-1 sizset="0" sizcache="11"
jQuery1314320506442="5"><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Anthony+D.+M.+Smith&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Anthony
D. M. Smith</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-1-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-1"
jQuery1314320506442="20"><SUP>1</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A
class=xref-corresp id=xref-corresp-1-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#corresp-1">*</A>,
<SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Christopher+J.+Brown&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Christopher
J. Brown</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-2-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-2"
jQuery1314320506442="21"><SUP>2</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A
class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-3-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-3"
jQuery1314320506442="22"><SUP>3</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Catherine+M.+Bulman&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Catherine
M. Bulman</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-1-2
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-1"
jQuery1314320506442="23"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Elizabeth+A.+Fulton&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Elizabeth
A. Fulton</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-1-3
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-1"
jQuery1314320506442="24"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Penny+Johnson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Penny
Johnson</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-1-4
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-1"
jQuery1314320506442="25"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Isaac+C.+Kaplan&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Isaac
C. Kaplan</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-4-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-4"
jQuery1314320506442="26"><SUP>4</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Hector+Lozano-Montes&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Hector
Lozano-Montes</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-5-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-5"
jQuery1314320506442="27"><SUP>5</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Steven+Mackinson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Steven
Mackinson</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-6-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-6"
jQuery1314320506442="28"><SUP>6</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Martin+Marzloff&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Martin
Marzloff</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-1-5
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-1"
jQuery1314320506442="29"><SUP>1</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A
class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-7-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-7"
jQuery1314320506442="30"><SUP>7</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Lynne+J.+Shannon&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Lynne
J. Shannon</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-8-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-8"
jQuery1314320506442="31"><SUP>8</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Yunne-Jai+Shin&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Yunne-Jai
Shin</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-8-2
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-8"
jQuery1314320506442="32"><SUP>8</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A
class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-9-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-9"
jQuery1314320506442="33"><SUP>9</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Jorge+Tam&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Jorge
Tam</A></SPAN><A class=xref-aff id=xref-aff-10-1
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6046/1147.short#aff-10"
jQuery1314320506442="34"><SUP>10</SUP></A> <SUP>1</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific
and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS
7001, Australia. <SUP>2</SUP>School of Biological Sciences, University of
Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. <SUP>3</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific
and Industrial Research Organisation, Climate Adaptations Flagship, Brisbane,
QLD 4163, Australia. <SUP>4</SUP>National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
<SUP>5</SUP>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth
from Oceans Flagship, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. <SUP>6</SUP>Centre for
Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK.
<SUP>7</SUP>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania,
Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia. <SUP>8</SUP>University of Cape Town, Marine
Research (MA-RE) Institute and Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South
Africa. <SUP>9</SUP>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212,
Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, 34203 Sète, France. <SUP>10</SUP>Instituto del Mar
del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n, Callao, Perú. To whom
correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <A
href="mailto:tony.d.smith@csiro.edu">tony.d.smith@csiro.edu</A> </DIV>
<DIV class=contributor sizset="0" sizcache="11"
jQuery1314320506442="5"> </DIV>
<DIV class="article abstract-view" sizset="0" sizcache="13"
jQuery1314320506442="5"><STRONG>Abstract</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV class="section abstract" sizset="0" sizcache="13" jQuery1314320506442="5">
<P id=p-3><FONT size=3>Low–trophic level species account for more than 30% of
global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food
security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing
low–trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and
seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied
ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum
sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the
ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in
the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation
rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still
achieving 80% of MSY.</FONT> </P></DIV></FONT><BR>
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