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<DIV class=articleTitle sizset="4" sizcache="3"><FONT size=2>Diversity and
Distributions</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=articleDetails sizset="4" sizcache="3"><A
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddi.2011.17.issue-6/issuetoc"
shape=rect><FONT color=#000000><FONT size=2><SPAN id=volumeNumber>Volume
17</SPAN>, <SPAN id=issueNumber>Issue 6</SPAN>, </FONT></FONT></A><FONT
size=2><SPAN id=issuePages>pages 1161–1172</SPAN>, <SPAN id=issueDate>November
2011</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><FONT size=2>Article first published online: 7 JUN
2011</FONT></DIV>
<DIV id=doi class=articleTitle><FONT
size=2>DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00798.x</FONT></DIV></FONT>
<DIV class=articleTitle><FONT size=4></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><FONT size=4>Recreational boating: a large unregulated
vector transporting marine invasive species</FONT></DIV>
<DIV id=cr1>Cathryn Clarke Murray<SUP><FONT size=1>1,*</FONT></SUP>, Evgeny A.
Pakhomov<SUP><FONT size=1>1</FONT></SUP>, Thomas W. Therriault<SUP><FONT
size=1>2</FONT></SUP></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV id=productTitle sizset="4" sizcache="3"><SUP>1</SUP> Department of Earth
and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,
Canada<SUP>2</SUP> Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Nanaimo, BC, Canada. Correspondence: Cathryn Clarke Murray, E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A title="Link to email address"
href="mailto:cclarke@eos.ubc.ca" shape=rect><FONT
color=#007e8a>cclarke@eos.ubc.ca</FONT></A></DIV></DIV>
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<UL id=footnotes><FONT color=#007e8a></FONT></UL>
<DIV id=publicationHistoryDetails
jQuery1318644192510="10"><STRONG>Abstract</STRONG></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV id=fulltext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=abstract>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Aim </B> Recreational boating is arguably the largest unregulated vector
for the introduction and spread of marine invasive species. Hull fouling
communities have been recognized to harbour non-indigenous species (NIS), but
presence should not be equated with transport. In this study, we characterize
the presence of NIS in hull fouling communities, determine if host vessels
transport these species and evaluate the importance of recreational boating as a
vector for introduction and spread.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Location </B> Coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Methods </B> Dive surveys in BC marinas were conducted to record the
presence of NIS and to estimate their per cent cover. In addition, a boater
questionnaire survey was used to determine common travel and maintenance
practices. These results were combined to investigate the potential for
recreational boats to transport NIS.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Results </B> Nine NIS, including the highly invasive ascidians <EM>Styela
clava</EM> and <EM>Botrylloides violaceus</EM>, and the macroalga <EM>Sargassum
muticum</EM>, were found in hull fouling communities on recreational boats.
Overall, per cent cover was generally low; however, niche areas were commonly
fouled, even on active and otherwise clean boats. Fouling of niche areas was not
related to either antifouling paint age or travel frequency, and fouling levels
were highly variable among individual boats both within marinas and across
regions.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Main conclusions </B> Recreational boating is a major vector contributing
to the spread of marine invasive species. Our results indicate that recreational
boats represent a high-risk vector both for primary introduction and secondary
spread of marine NIS and should be subject to vector management
regulations.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT><BR>
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