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<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate>Journal of Biogeography</DIV>
<DIV>Article first published online: 20 OCT 2011</DIV>
<DIV id=doi>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02613.x</DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle> </DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><FONT size=4>A realignment of marine biogeographic
provinces with particular reference to fish distributions</FONT></DIV>
<DIV id=cr1>John C. Briggs<SUP><FONT size=1>1,*</FONT></SUP>, Brian W.
Bowen<SUP><FONT size=1>2</FONT></SUP></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate><SUP>1</SUP> Department of Fisheries and Wildlife,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA<SUP>2</SUP> Hawaii Institute
of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA*Correspondence:
John C. Briggs, present address: John C. Briggs, 43939 Spiaggia Place, Indio, CA
92203, USA. E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A
title="Link to email address" href="mailto:clingfishes@yahoo.com"
shape=rect><FONT color=#007e8a>clingfishes@yahoo.com</FONT></A></DIV>
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<UL id=footnotes><FONT color=#007e8a></FONT></UL>
<DIV id=publicationHistoryDetails jQuery1319513608460="10">
<H4><SPAN>Abstract</SPAN></H4></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV class=tabbedContent xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Marine provinces,
founded on contrasting floras or faunas, have been recognized for more than
150 years but were not consistently defined by endemism until 1974. At that
time, provinces were based on at least a 10% endemism and nested within
biogeographic regions that covered large geographic areas with contrasting
biotic characteristics. Over time, some minor adjustments were made but the
overall arrangement remained essentially unaltered. In many provinces, data on
endemism were still not available, or were available only for the most widely
studied vertebrates (fishes), a problem that is ongoing. In this report we
propose a realignment for three reasons. First, recent works have provided new
information to modify or redefine the various divisions and to describe new
ones, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Southern Ocean, Tropical East Pacific
and Northeast Pacific. Second, phylogeographic studies have demonstrated genetic
subdivisions within and between species that generally corroborated provinces
based on taxonomic partitions, with a notable exception at the Indian–Pacific
oceanic boundary. Third, the original separation of the warm-temperate provinces
from the adjoining tropical ones has distracted from their close phylogenetic
relationships. Here we propose uniting warm-temperate and tropical regions into
a single warm region within each ocean basin, while still recognizing provinces
within the warm-temperate and tropical zones. These biogeographic subdivisions
are based primarily on fish distribution but utilize other marine groups for
comparison. They are intended to demonstrate the evolutionary relationships of
the living marine biota, and to serve as a framework for the establishment of
smaller ecological units in a conservation
context.</DIV></DIV></FONT><BR>
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