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<DIV class=articleTitle>
<DIV id=productTitle sizset="5" sizcache="3">Journal of Biogeography</DIV>
<DIV class=articleDetails sizset="5" sizcache="3"><A
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.2011.39.issue-1/issuetoc"
shape=rect><FONT color=#000000><SPAN id=volumeNumber>Volume 39</SPAN>, <SPAN
id=issueNumber>Issue 1</SPAN>, </FONT></A><SPAN id=issuePages>pages
114–129</SPAN>, <SPAN id=issueDate>January 2012</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=articleDetails sizset="5" sizcache="3"><SPAN>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate>Article first published online: 11 AUG 2011</DIV>
<DIV id=doi>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02582.x</DIV></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle> </DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><FONT size=4>Biogeography of tuna and billfish
communities</FONT></DIV>
<DIV id=cr1>Gabriel Reygondeau<SUP><FONT size=1>1,*</FONT></SUP>, Olivier
Maury<SUP><FONT size=1>1</FONT></SUP>, Gregory Beaugrand<SUP><FONT
size=1>2</FONT></SUP>, Jean Marc Fromentin<SUP><FONT size=1>3</FONT></SUP>,
Alain Fonteneau<SUP><FONT size=1>1</FONT></SUP>, Philippe Cury<SUP><FONT
size=1>1</FONT></SUP></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate><SUP>1</SUP> Institut de Recherche pour le
Développement (IRD), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques
Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Av. Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex,
France<SUP>2</SUP> Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS),
Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine,
Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille – Lille 1, BP 80, 62930
Wimereux, France<SUP>3</SUP> Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation
de la Mer (IFREMER), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques
Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Av. Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex,
France. Correspondence: Gabriel Reygondeau, E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A title="Link to email address"
href="mailto:gabriel.reygondeau@hotmail.fr" shape=rect><FONT
color=#007e8a>gabriel.reygondeau@hotmail.fr</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV id=additionalInformation>
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<UL id=footnotes><FONT color=#007e8a></FONT></UL>
<DIV id=publicationHistoryDetails
jQuery1324002457862="11"><STRONG>Abstract</STRONG></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=productContent>
<DIV id=fulltext xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=abstract>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Aim </B> The aims of this study were: (1) to identify global communities
of tuna and billfish species through quantitative statistical analyses of global
fisheries data; (2) to describe the spatial distribution, main environmental
drivers and species composition of each community detected; and (3) to determine
whether the spatial distribution of each community could be linked to the
environmental conditions that affect lower trophic levels by comparing the
partitions identified in this study with Longhurst’s biogeochemical
provinces.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Location </B> The global ocean from 60° S to 65° N.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Methods </B> We implemented a new numerical procedure based on a
hierarchical clustering method and a nonparametric probabilistic test to divide
the oceanic biosphere into biomes and ecoregions. This procedure was applied to
a database that comprised standardized data on commercial longline catches for
15 different species of tuna and billfish over a period of more than
50 years (i.e. 1953–2007). For each ecoregion identified (i.e.
characteristic tuna and billfish community), we analysed the relationships
between species composition and environmental factors. Finally, we compared the
biogeochemical provinces of Longhurst with the ecoregions that we
identified.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Results </B> Tuna and billfish species form nine well-defined communities
across the global ocean. Each community occurs in regions with specific
environmental conditions and shows a distinctive species composition. High
similarity (68.8% homogeneity) between the spatial distribution of the
communities of tuna and billfish and the biogeochemical provinces suggests a
strong relationship between these species and the physical and chemical
characteristics of the global ocean.</P></DIV>
<DIV class=para>
<P><B>Main conclusions </B> Despite their high tolerance for a wide range of
environmental conditions, these highly migratory species are partitioned into
clear geographical communities in the ocean at a global scale. The similarity
between biogeochemical and biotic divisions in the ocean suggests that the
global ocean is a mosaic of large biogeographical ecosystems, each characterized
by specific environmental conditions that have a strong effect on the
composition of the trophic
web.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></DIV><BR>
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