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<DIV id=slugline class="section abstract" jQuery1342278590970="3"
jQuery1342278628204="3"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2><ABBR
class=slug-jnl-abbrev title=Science>Science</ABBR><SPAN class=slug-pub-date
itemprop="datePublished"> 13 July 2012: </SPAN><BR><SPAN class=slug-vol>Vol. 337
</SPAN><SPAN class=slug-issue>no. 6091 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-pages>pp. 146-148
</SPAN><BR>DOI: </FONT></FONT><SPAN class=slug-doi
title=10.1126/science.337.6091.146><FONT size=2
face=Arial>10.1126/science.337.6091.146</FONT> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class="section abstract" jQuery1342278590970="3"><FONT size=2
face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV class="section abstract" jQuery1342278590970="3"><FONT size=4
face=Arial>Rising Acidity Brings an Ocean of Trouble</FONT></DIV>
<DIV id=contrib-1 class=last jQuery1342278590970="3" itemprop="articleBody"
jQuery1342278628204="6"><SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Robert+F.+Service&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><FONT
size=2 face=Arial>Robert F. Service</FONT></A></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=last jQuery1342278590970="3" itemprop="articleBody"
jQuery1342278628204="6"><SPAN class=name><FONT size=2
face=Arial></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV class="section summary" jQuery1342278590970="3" itemprop="articleBody"
jQuery1342278628204="6"><FONT size=2
face=Arial><STRONG>Summary</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class="section summary" jQuery1342278590970="3" itemprop="articleBody"
jQuery1342278628204="6"><STRONG><FONT size=2
face=Arial></FONT></STRONG> </DIV>
<DIV id=p-2 class="section summary" jQuery1342278590970="3"
itemprop="articleBody" jQuery1342278628204="6"><FONT size=2 face=Arial>The
burning of fossil fuels emits some 35 billion metric tons of CO2 into the
atmosphere every year. That has already begun to change the fundamental
chemistry of the world's oceans, steadily increasing their level of acidity. On
page </FONT><A
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/337/6091/220"><FONT size=2
face=Arial>220</FONT></A><FONT size=2 face=Arial> of this week's issue of
Science, scientists report projections from a new high-resolution computer model
showing that over the next 4 decades, the combination of deep-water upwelling
and rising atmospheric CO2 is likely to have profound impacts on waters off the
West Coast of the United States, home to one of the world's most diverse marine
ecosystems and most important commercial fisheries. The new computer model is
only one of several recent warning signs. Numerous laboratory and field studies
over the past few years underscore rising concerns that ocean acidification
could devastate marine ecosystems on which millions of people depend for food
and jobs.</FONT> </DIV></SPAN><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV jQuery1342278590970="3"><CITE><SPAN
class="slug-metadata-note ahead-of-print"></SPAN></CITE> </DIV></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=2><SPAN class="slug-metadata-note ahead-of-print">
<DIV jQuery1342278590970="3"><BR></SPAN><ABBR class=slug-jnl-abbrev
title=Science>Science</ABBR><SPAN class=slug-pub-date itemprop="datePublished">
13 July 2012: </SPAN><BR><SPAN class=slug-vol>Vol. 337 </SPAN><SPAN
class=slug-issue>no. 6091 </SPAN><SPAN class=slug-pages>pp. 220-223
</SPAN><BR>DOI: </FONT></FONT><SPAN class=slug-doi
title=10.1126/science.1216773><FONT size=2
face=Arial>10.1126/science.1216773</FONT> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV jQuery1342278590970="3"><SPAN class=slug-doi
title=10.1126/science.1216773><SPAN
class="slug-metadata-note ahead-of-print"><FONT size=2><FONT
face=Arial>Published Online <SPAN class=slug-ahead-of-print-date>June 14
2012</SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=4>Rapid Progression of Ocean Acidification in the California
Current System</FONT></DIV>
<DIV class="article abstract-view" jQuery1342278590970="5"
itemprop="articleBody" sizset="0" sizcache="1">
<DIV id=contrib-1 class=contributor itemscope="itemscope"
itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" sizset="0"
sizcache="0"><SPAN class=name itemprop="name"><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Nicolas+Gruber&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Nicolas
Gruber</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-1 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-1"
jQuery1342278590970="20"><SUP>1</SUP></A><SPAN class=xref-sep>,</SPAN><A
id=xref-corresp-1-1 class=xref-corresp
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#corresp-1">*</A>,
<SPAN class=name itemprop="name"><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Claudine+Hauri&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Claudine
Hauri</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-2 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-1"
jQuery1342278590970="21"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name itemprop="name"><A
class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Zouhair+Lachkar&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Zouhair
Lachkar</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-3 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-1"
jQuery1342278590970="22"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name itemprop="name"><A
class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Damian+Loher&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Damian
Loher</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-1-4 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-1"
jQuery1342278590970="23"><SUP>1</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name itemprop="name"><A
class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Thomas+L.+Fr%C3%B6licher&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Thomas
L. Frölicher</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-2-1 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-2"
jQuery1342278590970="24"><SUP>2</SUP></A>, <SPAN class=name><A class=name-search
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Gian-Kasper+Plattner&sortspec=date&submit=Submit">Gian-Kasper
Plattner</A></SPAN><A id=xref-aff-3-1 class=xref-aff
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short#aff-3"
jQuery1342278590970="25"><SUP>3</SUP></A></DIV>
<P class=affiliation-list-reveal><SUP>1</SUP>Environmental Physics, Institute of
Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
<SUP>2</SUP>Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University,
Princeton, NJ, USA. <SUP>3</SUP>Climate and Environmental Physics, University of
Bern, Bern, Switzerland. E-mail: <A
href="mailto:nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch">nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch</A></P>
<H2 class="section abstract">Abstract</H2>
<P id=p-3 class="section abstract">Nearshore waters of the California Current
System (California CS) already have a low carbonate saturation state, making
them particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. We used eddy-resolving
model simulations to study the potential development of ocean acidification in
this system up to the year 2050 under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
A2 and B1 scenarios. In both scenarios, the saturation state of aragonite
Ω<SUB>arag</SUB> is projected to drop rapidly, with much of the nearshore region
developing summer-long undersaturation in the top 60 meters within the next 30
years. By 2050, waters with Ω<SUB>arag</SUB> above 1.5 will have largely
disappeared, and more than half of the waters will be undersaturated year-round.
Habitats along the sea floor will become exposed to year-round undersaturation
within the next 20 to 30 years. These projected events have potentially major
implications for the rich and diverse ecosystem that characterizes the
California CS. </P>
<P class="section abstract">****************************************</P>
<DIV id=slugline class="section abstract"
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