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<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate>Journal of Biogeography</DIV>
<DIV>Article first published online: 15 JAN 2014</DIV>
<DIV id=doi>DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12260</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle><FONT
size=4><STRONG>Phylogeography of a marine acanthocephalan: lack of cryptic
diversity in a cosmopolitan parasite of mole crabs</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV id=jbi12260-cr-0001>Tricia C. Goulding<SUP>1,2</SUP>, C. Sarah
Cohen<SUP>1,*</SUP></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate><SUP>1</SUP> Romberg Tiburon Center for
Environmental Studies, Biology Department, San Francisco State University,
Tiburon, CA, USA<SUP>2</SUP> Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,
USA <SUP>*</SUP> Correspondence: Sarah Cohen, E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A title="Link to email address"
href="mailto:sarahcoh@sfsu.edu" shape=rect><FONT
color=#007e8a>sarahcoh@sfsu.edu</FONT></A><BR></DIV>
<DIV id=additionalInformation>
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<DIV id=publicationHistoryDetails jQuery1390357843079="11">
<H4>Abstract</H4></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV id=fulltext>
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<DIV id=abstract>
<DIV id=jbi12260-sec-0001 class=section>
<H4>Aim</H4>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Little is known about phylogeography and cryptic diversity of parasites in
the marine environment. The acanthocephalan <EM>Profilicollis altmani</EM>
parasitizes intermediate hosts that are broadly distributed around the Americas
and final hosts that are highly motile. We investigated the spatial genetic
structure of this acanthocephalan found in three species of <EM>Emerita</EM>
crabs: (1) to test whether land masses serve as biogeographic barriers promoting
ocean basin divergence among parasite lineages or species; and (2) to test
whether the distribution of parasite species matches the distribution of
different crab host species.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=jbi12260-sec-0002 class=section>
<H4>Location</H4>
<DIV class=para>
<P>The Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the USA, and the Pacific coast of
Panama and Chile.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=jbi12260-sec-0003 class=section>
<H4>Methods</H4>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Sequences of cytochrome <EM>c</EM> oxidase subunit I (<EM>COI</EM>) and
ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were obtained from 204
acanthocephalans. Parasites were sampled from crabs in 15 sampling localities.
These sequences were analysed with coalescent-based methods and other population
genetic analyses to infer phylogeographic patterns.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=jbi12260-sec-0004 class=section>
<H4>Results</H4>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Haplotype diversity for <EM>COI</EM> sequences was high (0.96) among
parasites sampled, but nucleotide diversity was low (0.071) and there was no
distinct geographic pattern between regions. Pairwise genetic distances were
generally low, although there was a degree of population structure between
oceans. Sequence comparisons showing an excess of low divergence alleles and a
bimodal mismatch distribution provide evidence of either past selective events
or demographic expansions. No variation was observed in the ITS
sequences.</P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=jbi12260-sec-0005 class=section>
<H4>Main conclusions</H4>
<DIV class=para>
<P>The lack of geographic patterning in haplotype diversity of this parasite
indicates that gene flow is probably occurring between ocean basins. In
addition, the low genetic diversity suggests that the acanthocephalan
parasitizing <EM>E. analoga</EM> in Chile is conspecific to the species found
parasitizing several <EM>Emerita</EM> species along the coasts of North America,
and is thus <U>a cosmopolitan parasite that is most likely dispersed long
distances by marine birds that serve as definitive
hosts</U>.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>