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<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate>Journal of Animal Ecology</DIV>
<DIV>Article first published online: 3 MAR 2014</DIV>
<DIV id=doi>DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12194</DIV></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV class=articleTitle><SPAN class=mainTitle><FONT size=6><STRONG>The marine
diversity spectrum</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV id=jane12194-cr-0001>Daniel C. Reuman<SUP>1,2,*</SUP>, Henrik
Gislason<SUP>3</SUP>, Carolyn Barnes<SUP>4</SUP>, Frédéric Mélin<SUP>5</SUP>,
Simon Jennings<SUP>4,6</SUP></DIV></DIV>
<DIV id=publishedOnlineDate><SUP>1</SUP> Department of Life Sciences, Imperial
College London, Ascot, UK<SUP>2</SUP> Laboratory of Populations, Rockefeller
University, New York, NY, USA<SUP>3</SUP> Technical University of Denmark,
Charlottenlund, Denmark<SUP>4</SUP> Centre for Environment, Fisheries and
Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK<SUP>5</SUP> European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra (VA),
Italy<SUP>6</SUP> School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia,
Norwich, UK<SUP>*</SUP>Correspondence author. E-mail: <!--TODO: clickthrough URL--><A title="Link to email address"
href="mailto:d.reuman@imperial.ac.uk" shape=rect><FONT
color=#007e8a>d.reuman@imperial.ac.uk</FONT></A></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV id=additionalInformation>
<DIV style="CLEAR: left">
<DIV id=fundingInfo class=fundingInfo jQuery1393896986211="13">
<H4>Summary</H4></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<DIV xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<DIV id=abstract>
<DIV class=para>
<OL id=jane12194-list-0001 class=numbered>
<LI>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Distributions of species body sizes within a taxonomic group, for example,
mammals, are widely studied and important because they help illuminate the
evolutionary processes that produced these distributions. Distributions of the
sizes of species within an assemblage delineated by geography instead of
taxonomy (all the species in a region regardless of clade) are much less
studied but are equally important and will illuminate a different set of
ecological and evolutionary processes.</P></DIV>
<LI>
<DIV class=para>
<P>We develop and test a mechanistic model of how diversity varies with body
mass in marine ecosystems. The model predicts the form of the ‘diversity
spectrum’, which quantifies the distribution of species' asymptotic body
masses, is a species analogue of the classic size spectrum of individuals, and
which we have found to be a new and widely applicable description of diversity
patterns.</P></DIV>
<LI>
<DIV class=para>
<P>The marine diversity spectrum is predicted to be approximately linear
across an asymptotic mass range spanning seven orders of magnitude. Slope −0·5
is predicted for the global marine diversity spectrum for all combined pelagic
zones of continental shelf seas, and slopes for large regions are predicted to
lie between −0·5 and −0·1. Slopes of −0·5 and −0·1 represent markedly
different communities: a slope of −0·5 depicts a 10-fold reduction in
diversity for every 100-fold increase in asymptotic mass; a slope of −0·1
depicts a 1·6-fold reduction. Steeper slopes are predicted for larger or
colder regions, meaning fewer large species per small species for such
regions.</P></DIV>
<LI>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Predictions were largely validated by a global empirical
analysis.</P></DIV>
<LI>
<DIV class=para>
<P>Results explain for the first time a new and widespread phenomenon of
biodiversity. Results have implications for estimating numbers of species of
small asymptotic mass, where taxonomic inventories are far from complete.
Results show that the relationship between diversity and body mass can be
explained from the dependence of predation behaviour, dispersal, and life
history on body mass, and a neutral assumption about speciation and
extinction.</P></DIV></LI></OL></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>