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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Global
Ecology and Biogeography<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.2014.23.issue-5/issuetoc">Volume
23, Issue 5, </a>pages 517–529, May 2014<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Article
first published online: 4 NOV 2013<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=doi><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>DOI: 10.1111/geb.12132<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=copyright><span class=maintitle><b><span lang=EN
style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Global diversity of
marine macroalgae: environmental conditions explain less variation in the
tropics</span></b></span><b><span lang=EN style='font-size:18.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>Sally A. Keith<sup>1,*</sup>, Ailsa P.
Kerswell<sup>1,2</sup> and Sean R. Connolly<sup>1,2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=publishedOnlineDate><sup><span lang=EN>1</span></sup><span
lang=EN> Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef
Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia<sup>2</sup> School
of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD,
Australia <sup>*</sup> Correspondence: E-mail: <a
href="mailto:sally.a.keith@gmail.com" title="Link to email address"><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>sally.a.keith@gmail.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:120%'><b><span lang=EN style='font-size:
18.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.05in;line-height:19.2pt'><b><span
lang=EN style='font-size:19.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Aim<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marine
macroalgae provide an excellent opportunity to test hypotheses about
latitudinal diversity gradients because macroalgal richness decreases towards
the tropics, contrary to classic patterns, and because three evolutionarily
distinct macroalgal clades (Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) have
converged ecologically. Specifically, we determine the extent to which
environmental conditions can predict genus richness in macroalgae. We also
evaluate whether the magnitude or direction of the effect of environmental
factors, or their ability to explain variation in macroalgal diversity, varies
geographically.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.05in;line-height:19.2pt'><b><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Location<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Global
oceans.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.05in;line-height:19.2pt'><b><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Methods<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>We
formulated and fitted global spatial regression models and geographically
weighted regression (GWR) models to determine the extent to which environmental
conditions could predict genus richness in macroalgae. GWR allowed us to
determine how the role of environmental conditions varied amongst geographical
regions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.05in;line-height:19.2pt'><b><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Results<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
global regression model showed that sea surface temperature and nutrients were
important predictors of macroalgal genus richness at a global scale. However,
GWR revealed that environmental factors explained less variability in richness
in the tropics than elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.05in;line-height:19.2pt'><b><span
lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Main
conclusions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Our
results show that whilst environmental conditions influence marine macroalgal
diversity, the strength of this influence shows considerable geographical
variation. In particular, environmental conditions explain more of the observed
variation in diversity at high latitudes than at low latitudes. This finding is
consistent with the hypothesis that environmental tolerances influence species
distributions more strongly at high latitudes, whereas other factors, such as
biotic interactions, play a more prominent role in the tropics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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