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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>Conservation Biology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>Article first published online: 24 MAR 2014<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=doi><span lang=EN>DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12279<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=copyright><span class=maintitle><b><span lang=EN
style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The Biogeography of
Globally Threatened Seabirds and Island Conservation Opportunities</span></b></span><b><span
lang=EN><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>DENA R. SPATZ<sup>1,*</sup>, KELLY M. NEWTON<sup>1</sup>,
REINA HEINZ<sup>1</sup>, BERNIE TERSHY<sup>1</sup>, NICK D. HOLMES<sup>2</sup>,
STUART H. M. BUTCHART<sup>3</sup> and DONALD A. CROLL<sup>1<o:p></o:p></sup></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><sup><span lang=EN>1</span></sup><span lang=EN> Coastal
Conservation Action Lab, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, U.S.A.<sup>2</sup> Island
Conservation, Santa Cruz, CA, U.S.A.<sup>3</sup> BirdLife International,
Wellbrook Court, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, United Kingdom <sup>*</sup>email <a
href="mailto:dspatz@ucsc.edu" title="Link to email address"><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>dspatz@ucsc.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Funded by<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Packard
Foundation <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>National
Fish and Wildlife Foundation <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Island
Conservation <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Friends
of Long Marine Lab <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Dr.
Earl H. Myers and Ethel M. Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<form id=searchSite name=advancedSearchForm>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:120%'><b><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Seabirds
are the most threatened group of marine animals; 29% of species are at some
risk of extinction. Significant threats to seabirds occur on islands where they
breed, but in many cases, effective island conservation can mitigate these
threats. To guide island-based seabird conservation actions, we identified all
islands with extant or extirpated populations of the 98 globally threatened
seabird species, as recognized on the International Union for Conservation of
Nature Red List, and quantified the presence of threatening invasive species,
protected areas, and human populations. We matched these results with island
attributes to highlight feasible island conservation opportunities. We
identified 1362 threatened breeding seabird populations on 968 islands. On 803
(83%) of these islands, we identified threatening invasive species (20%), incomplete
protected area coverage (23%), or both (40%). Most islands with threatened
seabirds are amenable to island-wide conservation action because they are small
(57% were <1 km<sup>2</sup>), uninhabited (74%), and occur in high- or
middle-income countries (96%). Collectively these attributes make islands with
threatened seabirds a rare opportunity for effective conservation at scale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><b><span lang=ES style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>La
Biogeografía de Aves Marinas Amenazadas Globalmente y las Oportunidades de
Conservación en Islas<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:120%'><b><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Resumen<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:18.0pt'><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Las
aves marinas son el grupo más amenazado de animales marinos ya que el 29% de
las especies tienen algún riesgo de extinción. Amenazas significativas para las
aves marinas suceden en las islas donde se reproducen, pero en muchos casos la
conservación efectiva de islas puede mitigar estas amenazas. Para orientar las
acciones de conservación de aves marinas en islas, identificamos todas las
islas con poblaciones existentes o extirpadas de 98 especies de aves marinas
amenazadas, identificadas en la Lista Roja de la UICN, y cuantificamos la
presencia de especies invasoras amenazantes, áreas protegidas y poblaciones
humanas. Igualamos estos resultados con los atributos de la isla para resaltar
las oportunidades de conservación factibles en la isla. Identificamos 1, 362
poblaciones reproductivas de aves marinas en 968 islas. En 803 (83%) de estas
islas identificamos especies invasoras amenazantes (205), cobertura incompleta
del área protegida (23%) o ambas (40%). La mayoría de las islas con aves
marinas amenazadas son receptivas a una acción de conservación de toda la isla
ya que son pequeñas (el 57% fue < 1km<sup>2</sup>), deshabitadas (74%) y se
encuentran en países de ingresos altos o de nivel medio (96%). Estos atributos
colectivamente hacen que las islas con aves marinas amenazadas sean una
oportunidad rara para la conservación efectivo a escala.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=ES><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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