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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>Conservation Biology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>Article first published online: 25 MAR 2014<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=doi><span lang=EN>DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12287<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span class=maintitle><span lang=EN>Archaeological Evidence of Validity of
Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations</span></span><span
lang=EN><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN>KEN LONGENECKER<sup>1</sup>, YVONNE L. CHAN<sup>2</sup>,
ROBERT J. TOONEN<sup>2</sup>, DAVID B. CARLON<sup>3</sup>, TERRY L. HUNT<sup>4</sup>,
ALAN M. FRIEDLANDER<sup>5</sup> and EDWARD E. DEMARTINI<sup>6</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal id=publishedOnlineDate><sup><span lang=EN>1</span></sup><span
lang=EN> Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.<sup>2</sup>
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, U.S.A.<sup>3</sup> Biology
Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, U.S.A.<sup>4</sup> Clark Honors College
and Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, U.S.A.<sup>5</sup>
Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, U.S.A.<sup>6</sup>
National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center,
Hawaii Research Center, Aiea, U.S.A. <span class=email-label>Email: </span><span
class=email>KEN LONGENECKER (klongenecker@bishopmuseum.org)</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span lang=EN>Funded by<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN>NSF Hawaii EPSCoR <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN>NOAA Coral Reef Conservation
Program. Grant Number: NA09NMF4630123 <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-list:l7 level1 lfo4'><span lang=EN>Office of National Marine
Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership. Grant Number:
MOA-2005–008/6882<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<form id=searchSite name=advancedSearchForm>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:120%'><b><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:120%'><b><span lang=EN style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Reef-fish
management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish
populations prior to large-scale contemporary human impacts. As a result,
relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for
populations near sites affected by humans. This space-for-time approach can
only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological
remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited
baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and
morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the
scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the
MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive
parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological
material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap
between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern
survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space-for-time
substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by
archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they
were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable
from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400–1700) through historic (AD
1700–1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the
MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern
survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the
NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI
parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts
in modern times.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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