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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><cite><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;font-style:normal'>Science</span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></span><span
class=slug-pub-date><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>8 August 2014:</span></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><br>
<span class=slug-vol>Vol. 345</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=slug-issue>no. 6197</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=slug-pages>pp. 665-668</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<cite><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>DOI:</span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=slug-doi>10.1126/science.1252332</span></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.5pt;
margin-left:0in;mso-line-height-alt:12.5pt;background:white;vertical-align:
baseline'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.5pt;
margin-left:0in;mso-line-height-alt:12.5pt;background:white;vertical-align:
baseline'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333'>Centennial changes in North Pacific anoxia linked to tropical
trade winds<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=name><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Curtis+Deutsch&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Curtis Deutsch</span></a></span></b></span><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>1</span></sup></a><span class=xref-sep><sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>,</span></sup></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#corresp-1"
id=xref-corresp-1-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>*</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=William+Berelson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>William Berelson</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-2"
id=xref-aff-2-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>2</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Robert+Thunell&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Robert Thunell</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-3"
id=xref-aff-3-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>3</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Thomas+Weber&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Thomas Weber</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-2><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>1</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Caitlin+Tems&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Caitlin Tems</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-2"
id=xref-aff-2-2><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>2</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=James+McManus&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>James McManus</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-4"
id=xref-aff-4-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>4</span></sup></a><span class=xref-sep><sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>,</span></sup></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#fn-1"
id=xref-fn-1-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>†</span></sup></a>, <span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=John+Crusius&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>John Crusius</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-5"
id=xref-aff-5-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>5</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Taka+Ito&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Taka Ito</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-6"
id=xref-aff-6-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>6</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Timothy+Baumgartner&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Timothy Baumgartner</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-7"
id=xref-aff-7-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>7</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Vicente+Ferreira&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Vicente Ferreira</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-7"
id=xref-aff-7-2><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>7</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Jacob+Mey&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Jacob Mey</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-8"
id=xref-aff-8-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>8</span></sup></a><span class=xref-sep><sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>,</span></sup></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-9"
id=xref-aff-9-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>9</span></sup></a>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=name><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Alexander+van+Geen&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Alexander van Geen</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/665.abstract#aff-8"
id=xref-aff-8-2><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-weight:normal'>8</span></sup></a> </span></b><a name=aff-1></a><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><sup><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"inherit","serif";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>1</span></sup><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'>School of
Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.<a name=aff-2></a> <sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>2</span></sup>Department of
Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.<a
name=aff-3></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>3</span></sup>Department
of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.<a
name=aff-4></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>4</span></sup>College
of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
OR, USA.<a name=aff-5></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>5</span></sup>U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington
School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, USA.<a name=aff-6></a> <sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>6</span></sup>School of Earth
and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.<a
name=aff-7></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>7</span></sup>Departamento
de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación
Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, México.<a name=aff-8></a> <sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>8</span></sup>Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.<a name=aff-9></a>
<sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>9</span></sup>Department
of Physical Sciences, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New
York, New York, NY, USA.<span class=corresp-label><sup><span style='border:
none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>*</span></sup></span>Corresponding author.
E-mail:<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="mailto:cdeutsch@uw.edu"><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>cdeutsch@uw.edu</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:12.5pt;
mso-list:l3 level1 lfo6;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"inherit","serif";color:#333333'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6197/tab-abstract"><span
style='text-transform:uppercase;border:solid #DADADA 1.0pt;padding:0in;
background:#EFEFEF'>ABSTRACT</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EEEEEE;vertical-align:
baseline;outline-style: none;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-size:
inherit;text-align:inherit' id=p-2><b><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'>Climate warming is expected to reduce oxygen (O<sub><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>2</span></sub>) supply to the
ocean and expand its oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). We reconstructed variations
in the extent of North Pacific anoxia since 1850 using a geochemical proxy for
denitrification (δ<sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>15</span></sup>N)
from multiple sediment cores. Increasing δ<sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>15</span></sup>N since ~1990 records an expansion of anoxia,
consistent with observed O<sub><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>2</span></sub></span></b><span class=apple-converted-space><b><span
style='font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'> </span></b></span><b><span
style='font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'>trends. However, this was
preceded by a longer declining δ<sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>15</span></sup>N trend that implies that the anoxic zone was
shrinking for most of the 20th century. <u>Both periods can be explained by
changes in winds over the tropical Pacific that drive upwelling, biological
productivity, and O<sub><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>2</span></sub></u></span></b><span
class=apple-converted-space><b><u><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'> </span></u></b></span><b><u><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'>demand</span></u></b><b><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'> within the OMZ. If equatorial Pacific winds resume their
predicted weakening trend, the ocean’s largest anoxic zone will contract
despite a global O<sub><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>2</span></sub></span></b><span
class=apple-converted-space><b><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'> </span></b></span><b><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif";
color:#333333'>decline.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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