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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><cite><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;font-style:normal'>Science</span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></span><span
class=slug-pub-date><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>19 September 2014:</span></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333300;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><br>
<span class=slug-vol>Vol. 345</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=slug-issue>no. 6203</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=slug-pages>pp. 1498-1502</span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<cite><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-style:normal'>DOI:</span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=slug-doi>10.1126/science.1253209</span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333300'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.5pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:12.5pt;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;
font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:1.5pt;
margin-left:0in;mso-line-height-alt:12.5pt;background:white;vertical-align:
baseline'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333'>Six centuries of variability and extremes in a coupled
marine-terrestrial ecosystem<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=name><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Bryan+A.+Black&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Bryan A. Black</span></a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>1</span></sup></a><span class=xref-sep><sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>,</span></sup></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#corresp-1"
id=xref-corresp-1-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>*</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=William+J.+Sydeman&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>William J. Sydeman</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-2"
id=xref-aff-2-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>2</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=David+C.+Frank&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>David C. Frank</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-3"
id=xref-aff-3-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>3</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Daniel+Griffin&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Daniel Griffin</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-4"
id=xref-aff-4-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>4</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=David+W.+Stahle&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>David W. Stahle</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-5"
id=xref-aff-5-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>5</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Marisol+Garc%C3%ADa-Reyes&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Marisol García-Reyes</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-6"
id=xref-aff-6-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>6</span></sup></a>,<span class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Ryan+R.+Rykaczewski&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Ryan R. Rykaczewski</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-7"
id=xref-aff-7-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>7</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Steven+J.+Bograd&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>Steven J. Bograd</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-8"
id=xref-aff-8-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>8</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=William+T.+Peterson&sortspec=date&submit=Submit"><span
style='color:#333333'>William T. Peterson</span></a></span></span><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#aff-9"
id=xref-aff-9-1><sup><span style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>9</span></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<address style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><a name=aff-1></a><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:normal'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><sup><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;font-style:normal'>1</span></sup><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:normal'>University
of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX
78373, USA.<a name=aff-2></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>2</span></sup>Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research,
101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA.<a name=aff-3></a> <sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>3</span></sup>Swiss Federal
Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern,
Zähringerstrasse 25, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.<a name=aff-4></a> <sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>4</span></sup>Department of
Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole
Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.<a name=aff-5></a> <sup><span style='border:
none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>5</span></sup>Department of Geosciences,
University of Arkansas, 216 Ozark Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.<a
name=aff-6></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>6</span></sup>Farallon
Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA
94952, USA.<a name=aff-7></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>7</span></sup>Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Science
Program, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208,
USA.<a name=aff-8></a> <sup><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>8</span></sup>Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries
Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1352
Lighthouse Avenue, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.</span><a name=aff-9></a><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> </span><sup><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;font-style:normal'>9</span></sup><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333;font-style:normal'>Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield
Marine Science Center, NOAA, 2030 Southeast Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR
97365, USA. </span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/1498.abstract?utm_campaign=email-sci-toc#xref-corresp-1-1"><span
style='font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode","sans-serif";color:#2E6D8F;border:
none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>↵</span></a><span class=corresp-label><sup><span
style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>*</span></sup></span>Corresponding
author. E-mail:</span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'> </span></span><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a href="mailto:bryan.black@utexas.edu"><span
style='color:#2E6D8F;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>bryan.black@utexas.edu</span></a></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></address>
<address style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-style:normal'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333;font-style:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></address>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:12.5pt;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><a
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6203/tab-abstract"><span
style='text-transform:uppercase;border:solid #DADADA 1.0pt;padding:0in;
background:#EFEFEF'>ABSTRACT</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:#EEEEEE;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Reported trends in the
mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have
raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse
marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates
are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed
preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of
climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability
increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the
past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears
to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable,
winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine
predators of commercial and conservation interest.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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