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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><strong><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'><a href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/Home.aspx?JournalID=192"><span
lang=ES style='color:#185FAF;text-decoration:none'>NR</span></a></span></strong><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> </span></span><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><a
href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/Home.aspx?IssueID=1810#20232"><span lang=ES
style='color:#185FAF;text-decoration:none'>Vol.3 No.2, June 2012</span></a></span><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'> <span
lang=ES>PP. 71-74 <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#FF3300'>DOI:<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></b><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><a
href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/nr.2012.32011" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#185FAF;text-decoration:none'>10.4236/nr.2012.32011</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span> <span
class=apple-converted-space> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'><a
href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=20232">http://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=20232</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.5pt;background:white'><b><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Preparation
of Calcium Phosphate with Oyster Shells<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/AuthorInformation.aspx?AuthorID=62783&searchCode=Hiroaki++Onoda&searchField=authors&page=1"
target="_blank"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Hiroaki
Onoda</span></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/AuthorInformation.aspx?AuthorID=62784&searchCode=Hironari++Nakanishi&searchField=authors&page=1"
target="_blank"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Hironari
Nakanishi</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><a name=abstract></a><a
href="http://www.scirp.org/Journal/articles.aspx?searchCode=Department+of+Informatics+and+Environmental+Sciences%2c+Kyoto+Prefectural+University%2c+Kyoto%2c+Japan&searchField=affs&page=1"
target="_blank"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Department of Informatics and
Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan</span></a><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;
background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>ABSTRACT</span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:16.5pt;background:
white'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Oyster shells have received attention for use as a calcium
resource. For this study, calcium phosphate was prepared from phosphoric acid
and oyster shells. The influences of the concentration of phosphoric acid and
pH in the preparation conditions were studied from the yields of calcium
phosphate and unreacted carbonate, and the Ca/P ratios in precipitates. The
yield of calcium phosphate and carbonate was low in the preparation condition
with 0.1 mol/l of phosphoric acid. The obtained precipitates were the mixture
of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and the unreacted calcium carbonate.
The reactivity of the oyster shells with phosphoric acid was discussed from the
yields and Ca/P ratios in precipitates.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#F9FBFC;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#F9FBFC;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'>////////////////////////////////<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#F9FBFC;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:#F9FBFC;vertical-align:baseline'><b><span
style='font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1226086X"
title="Go to Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry on ScienceDirect"><span
style='font-size:14.5pt;color:#2E2E2E;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:
0in;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none'>Journal of Industrial and
Engineering Chemistry</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=volissue style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#F9FBFC;
vertical-align:baseline;word-spacing:-.15ex'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/1226086X/15/1"
title="Go to table of contents for this volume/issue"><span style='color:#316C9D;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>Volume 15, Issue
1</span></a>, January 2009, Pages 40–44<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X09000069">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X09000069</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;vertical-align:baseline;color:inherit' id=""><span
style='font-size:16.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E;
font-weight:normal'>Recycling wasted scallop shell as an adsorbent for the
removal of phosphate<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#2E2E2E'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#2E2E2E'><a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X09000069"
id="authname_N585cd5a0N41f4c680"><span style='color:#316C9D;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in;text-decoration:none'>Sung Ho Yeom</span></a></span><sup><span
style='font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span></span></sup><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'>,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X09000069"><span
style='color:#316C9D;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in;text-decoration:
none'>Kang-Yeoun Jung</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:15.0pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-left:0in;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.75pt;background:white;vertical-align:
baseline'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#2E2E2E'>Lots of scallop shells were discharged from local restaurants
and marine product manufacturers around the city of Gangneung and most of them
are dumped into landfill. The scallop shell was recycled as an adsorbent for
the removal of phosphate. The shell size greatly affected phosphate removal.
One gram of shell having diameter of around 45 ìm removed 100 mg/L of
phosphate in 3 h while that of 3 mm hardly removed in 80 h.
Phosphate removal was not much affected by the pH in the range of 2.0–7.5
but it was scarcely removed beyond pH 8.0. Higher temperature was preferred for
phosphate removal but the removal efficiency was almost constant over
35 °C. The maximum phosphate removal capacity was obtained through
Langmuir isotherm plotting and it was as high as 23.0 mg-phosphate/g-shell.
On the purpose of enhancing the adsorption capacity of scallop shell, it was
treated with chemical reagents such as HCl, NaOH, NH</span><sub><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>4</span></sub><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'>HCO</span><sub><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>3</span></sub><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2E2E2E'> and EDTA.
HCl-treatment increased the adsorption capacity of the shell having diameter of
45 ìm by 39.8% than raw scallop shell, but the treatment showed negligible
effect on the shell of 1000 ìm in diameter. Packed-bed containing
HCl-treated scallop shell with 500 ìm in diameter removed 20 mg/L of
phosphate stably for 15 days and the removal efficiency was over 85% throughout
operation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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