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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A
report mapping the benefits of ocean ecosystems aims to assist governments and
businesses in making informed decisions when using marine and coastal
resources.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><strong><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Atlas
maps benefit ocean ecosystems</span></strong><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/author.neena-bhandari.html"><span
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:
none'><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/author.neena-bhandari.html"><span
style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Neena Bhandari</span><span
style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>21/06/16</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://www.scidev.net/global/conservation/news/conserve-ocean-ecosystems-to-see-more-benefits.html?utm_medium=email&utm_source=SciDevNewsletter&utm_campaign=international%20SciDev.Net%20update%3A%2028%20June%202016<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:13.5pt;float:left'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#4D4D4D'><br>
</span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#4D4D4D'>The<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://oceanwealth.org/resources/atlas-of-ocean-wealth/"><span
style='color:#E10000'>Atlas of Ocean Wealth</span></a>, published last week,
compiles data and qualitative information on the benefits of coral reefs,
marshes, mangroves, seagrass meadows and oyster reefs. It finds that<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/agriculture/fisheries/"><span
style='color:#E10000'>fish</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>catches
are declining, ocean temperatures are warming, sea levels are rising, and
extreme weather events are threatening coastal habitats.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.scidev.net/global/environment/water/" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#E10000'>Oceans</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>cover
70 percent of the planet, supporting a global seafood economy that accounts for
US$190 billion yearly and provides for protein needs of 17 percent of the
global population.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
“Think of bundles of ecosystems generating bundles of benefits,”
says co-author Mark Spalding, a marine scientists working for<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.nature.org/"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#E10000'>The Nature Conservancy</span></a>,
a non-profit group. He explains that mangroves, for example, stop dangerous
waves, produce fish, store carbon and grow upwards with sea-level rise.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
“But even those benefits are enhanced if in front of the mangroves there
are coral reefs and seagrass beds,” he says.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:13.5pt'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#4D4D4D'>The atlas illustrates
how coral reefs provide shelter along 150,000 kilometres of the world’s
tropical coastlines, protecting an estimated 63 million people in more than 100
countries.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
“For each of Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico and the Philippines, the annual
expected benefits of reefs in coastal protection exceed US$450 million per
year,” says Spalding. “Coastal wetlands have sequestered 9.6 metric
gigatons of carbon dioxide, equivalent to all the emissions of France over the
same period since 1990.”<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
Researchers gathered<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/enterprise/data/" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#E10000'>data</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>using
traditional sources and latest <a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/enterprise/technology/"><span
style='color:#E10000'>technologies</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>—
but they also used social media resources such as Flickr photos and TripAdvisor
reviews, to quantify and map the value of ecotourism and how much this is
linked to coral reefs.<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
Robert Brumbaugh, The Nature Conservatory’s director of ocean mapping and
planning, stressed the importance of putting social, ecological and economic
development information in one place for businesses and <a
href="http://www.scidev.net/global/governance/policy/"><span style='color:#E10000'>policymakers</span></a>.
He said the information is important for countries committed to the global
Convention on Biological Diversity.<br>
<br>
This convention calls for ten per cent of ocean territory to be protected by
2020, focusing on areas that are crucial for what the report calls
“ecosystem services”.<br>
<br>
“Knowing where and how those services are produced will make it possible
for nations to meet these commitments.” Brumbaugh said.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><br>
<br>
<b>References</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#4D4D4D'>Mark Spalding and others<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><em><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://oceanwealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Atlas-of-Ocean-Wealth.pdf"><span
style='color:#E10000'>The Atlas of Ocean Wealth</span></a></span></em><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>(The Nature Conservancy, June 2016)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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