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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='vertical-align:baseline'><span
class=article-headermeta-info-label><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>Ecology
Letters<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=article-headermeta-info-label><b><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>Accepted manuscript online:</span></b></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></b></span><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>7 July 2016 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=article-headermeta-info-label><b><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>DOI:</span></b></span><span class=apple-converted-space><b><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'> </span></b></span><span class=article-headermeta-info-data><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>10.1111/1365-2664.12748</span></span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.8pt;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:19.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.8pt;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:19.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Mollusc-shell debris can mitigate
the deleterious effects of organic pollution on marine sediments<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h3 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=ES
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;font-weight:normal'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Nuria Casado-Coy,</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:
normal'>Elena Martinez-Garcia,</span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Pablo Sanchez-Jerez, Carlos
Sanz-Lazaro<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo3;background:
white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=ES
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>0.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#414141'>Summary<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline;outline: 0px;background-position-x:
0px;background-position-y:0px'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>1.Organic
pollution is widespread in coastal areas and can have profound impacts on the
seabed. Coastal sediments play an important role at a global scale in the
recycling of organic matter, and this process is influenced by the habitat
complexity of the sediments, among other factors. Mollusc shells are produced
as a waste product from a range of anthropogenic activities, but we demonstrate
that they can be used to increase the habitat complexity of sediments.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline;outline: 0px;background-position-x:
0px;background-position-y:0px'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>2.We
studied the effect of mussel-shell debris (shell-hash) on the biogeochemical
processes of marine sediments affected by organic pollution, using a mesocosm
experiment simulating the bioturbation effects of macrofauna.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline;outline: 0px;background-position-x:
0px;background-position-y:0px'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>3.We
found that shell-hash improved the ecological status of organically-polluted
sediments by reducing the accumulation of sulphide from anaerobic metabolic
pathways.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:.25in;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline;outline: 0px;background-position-x:
0px;background-position-y:0px'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>4.Additionally,
when shell-hash was present in an organically-polluted sediment, there was a
decrease in ammonium release to the water column, thus preventing the negative
ecological consequences of eutrophication.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;vertical-align:baseline;outline: 0px;
background-position-x:0px;background-position-y:0px'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'>5.<u>Synthesis and applications</u>. Our study indicates
that shell-hash debris can be used as a potential tool to mitigate the effects
of organic enrichment on marine sediments. A density of shell-hash debris of
1900 g</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho"'> </span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>m</span><sup><span style='font-size:
8.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:
0in'>−2</span></sup><span class=apple-converted-space><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>in the sediment can diminish toxic
by-products (sulphides and ammonium) derived from the stimulation of anaerobic
metabolic pathways by organic pollution, at levels that are biologically
relevant. The mitigation effect of shell-hash is more pronounced in sediments
where macrofauna is not present.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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