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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black'>Marine vertebrates are key contributors to global biodiversity and
human food supply. In this Review, the authors discuss how comparative genomics
studies in marine vertebrates have provided insight into major evolutionary
transitions between the land and sea, as well as intra-species adaptation to
diverse types of aquatic environments. They also highlight applications in
species management and conservation.</span><i><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Nature
Reviews Genetics </span></i><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>17</span></b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>,<i> </i>523–534<i> </i>(2016)<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.66<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Published
online 04 July 2016<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:15.0pt;
margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#222222;letter-spacing:-.4pt;font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:15.0pt;
margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:21.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#222222;letter-spacing:-.4pt;font-weight:normal'>The life aquatic:
advances in marine vertebrate genomics<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v17/n9/abs/nrg.2016.66.html?lang=en?WT.ec_id=NRG-201609&spMailingID=52071452&spUserID=MTc2NzIxMTU2MwS2&spJobID=982904573&spReportId=OTgyOTA0NTczS0#auth-1"><span
class=fn><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Joanna L. Kelley</span></span></a><span
class=comma>,</span> <a
href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v17/n9/abs/nrg.2016.66.html?lang=en?WT.ec_id=NRG-201609&spMailingID=52071452&spUserID=MTc2NzIxMTU2MwS2&spJobID=982904573&spReportId=OTgyOTA0NTczS0#auth-2"><span
class=fn><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Anthony P. Brown</span></span></a><span
class=comma>,</span> <a
href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v17/n9/abs/nrg.2016.66.html?lang=en?WT.ec_id=NRG-201609&spMailingID=52071452&spUserID=MTc2NzIxMTU2MwS2&spJobID=982904573&spReportId=OTgyOTA0NTczS0#auth-3"><span
class=fn><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Nina Overgaard
Therkildsen</span></span></a> &<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v17/n9/abs/nrg.2016.66.html?lang=en?WT.ec_id=NRG-201609&spMailingID=52071452&spUserID=MTc2NzIxMTU2MwS2&spJobID=982904573&spReportId=OTgyOTA0NTczS0#auth-4"><span
class=fn><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Andrew D. Foote</span></span></a></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:13.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#444444;letter-spacing:-.4pt'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:15.0pt;
margin-left:0in'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The ocean is
hypothesized to be where life on earth originated, and subsequent evolutionary
transitions between marine and terrestrial environments have been key events in
the origin of contemporary biodiversity. Here, we review how comparative
genomic approaches are an increasingly important aspect of understanding
evolutionary processes, such as physiological and morphological adaptation to
the diverse habitats within the marine environment. In addition, we highlight
how population genomics has provided unprecedented resolution for population
structuring, speciation and adaptation in marine environments, which can have a
low cost of dispersal and few physical barriers to gene flow, and can thus
support large populations. Building upon this work, we outline the applications
of genomics tools to conservation and their relevance to assessing the
wide-ranging impact of fisheries and climate change on marine species.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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