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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><cite><span style='font-family:
"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Science </span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>09 Dec 2016:<br>
Vol. 354, Issue 6317, pp. 1210<br>
DOI: 10.1126/science.354.6317.1210<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333;font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Corals tie stronger El Niños to climate
change<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;
background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span class=name><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>Christopher
Pala</span></span><span style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";
color:#333333'>Summary<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt;background:white;
box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s' id=p-3><span
style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'>A detailed, long-term
ocean temperature record derived from corals on Christmas Island in Kiribati
and other islands in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of
recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural ocean-atmosphere cycle but
a new factor: global warming caused by human activity. Over the last 7000
years, El Niños, which warm the eastern Pacific, waxed and waned. Then, during
the 20th century, their intensity began to climb. The trend is likely to
continue, boding ever-more-destructive El Niños in the future. The finding
helps settle a long-standing debate about the role of global warming in these
events, which had been hard to resolve because records are short and spotty in
the remote parts of the Pacific where El Niño hits hardest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-1><o:p> </o:p></p>
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