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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Functional
Ecology <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=article-headermeta-info-label><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>First published:</span></b></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'> </span></b></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>28 November 2016 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=article-headermeta-info-label><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>DOI:</span></b></span><span class=apple-converted-space><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'> </span></b></span><span class=article-headermeta-info-data><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>10.1111/1365-2435.12798</span></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.05pt;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:19.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.05pt;
margin-left:0in;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:19.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Functional traits of marine macrophytes
predict primary production<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:3.75pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;font-weight:normal'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
font-weight:normal'>Holger Jänes, </span><span style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Jonne Kotta,</span><span
style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'> </span><span
style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Merli
Pärnoja,</span><span style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
font-weight:normal'> </span><span style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
font-weight:normal'>Tasman P. Crowe,</span><span style='font-size:12.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'> </span><span
style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'>Fabio
Rindi, Helen Orav-Kotta<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:3.75pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:3.75pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span
style='font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SUMMARY<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:3.75pt;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level2 lfo4;
background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>0.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>1.
The relationship between community structure and the functioning of ecosystems
is the subject of ongoing debate. Biological or functional trait-based
approaches that capture life strategy, morphology and behavioural
characteristics have received far less attention than taxonomic diversity in
this context, despite their more intuitive link to ecosystem functioning.</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Macrophyte
primary production underpins aquatic food webs, regulates benthic and pelagic
ecosystems and is a key aspect of the global carbon cycle. This study spans a
range of aquatic biomes across Europe and aims to examine potential for
predicting primary production of macrophyte communities based on the functional
traits of species and identify the traits that are the most informative
indicators of macrophyte production.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Macrophyte
primary production was assessed based on the oxygen production of the whole
community, linked to biomasses of selected biological traits derived of its
component species and analysed using the novel boosted regression trees
modelling technique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Results
showed that functional traits derived from macrophyte community data explained
most of the variation in primary production of macrophyte communities without
the need to incorporate environmental data on the habitats. Macrophyte primary
production was influenced by a combination of tolerance, morphology and life
habit traits; however tolerance traits contributed most of variability in
macrophyte primary production when all traits were analysed jointly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This
study also showed the existence of trait clustering as the studied trait
categories were not fully independent; strong interlinkages between and within
trait categories emerged.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.6pt;margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo5;
vertical-align:baseline'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Our
study suggests that functional trait analysis captures different aspects of
ecosystem functioning and thereby enables assessing primary production of
macrophyte communities over geographically distinct areas without extensive
taxonomic and environmental data. This could result in a novel framework
through which a simplification of the general procedure of production
estimations and comparisons across environmental gradients can be achieved.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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