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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><cite><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Science </span></cite><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#666666'> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#666666'>29 Sep 2017:<br>
Vol. 357, Issue 6358, pp. 1402-1406<br>
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1498<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333;font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Tsunami-driven rafting: Transoceanic
species dispersal and implications for marine biogeography<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;background:white'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
class=name><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>James T. Carlton</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>1</span></sup></a></span><span class=xref-sep><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>,</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-2"
id=xref-aff-2-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>2</span></sup></a></span><span class=xref-sep><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>,</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#corresp-1"
id=xref-corresp-1-1><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>*</span></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>John W. Chapman</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-3"
id=xref-aff-3-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>3</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Jonathan B. Geller</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-4"
id=xref-aff-4-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>4</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Jessica A. Miller</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-3"
id=xref-aff-3-2><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>3</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Deborah A. Carlton</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-2><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>1</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Megan I. McCuller</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-3><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>1</span></sup></a></span><span class=xref-sep><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>,</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#fn-1"
id=xref-fn-1-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>†</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Nancy C. Treneman</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-5"
id=xref-aff-5-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>5</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Brian P. Steves</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-6"
id=xref-aff-6-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>6</span></sup></a>,<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span
class=name>Gregory M. Ruiz</span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-6"
id=xref-aff-6-2><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>6</span></sup></a></span><span class=xref-sep><span
style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>,</span></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6358/1402?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2017-09-28&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=1570651#aff-7"
id=xref-aff-7-1><sup><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in'>7</span></sup></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.65pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:5.65pt;margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:18.0pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;cursor:pointer;
font-size:0.75rem'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:#333333'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h2 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#E6E6E6;box-sizing: inherit;
font-size:1.5rem'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Long-distance
life rafting<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:2.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:18.0pt;background:#E6E6E6;box-sizing: inherit;
transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s' id=p-3><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>When coastal ecosystems are affected by
storms or tsunamis, organisms can be rafted across oceans on floating debris.
However, such events are rarely observed, still less quantified. Carlton<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>et
al. </span></em>chart the rafting journeys of coastal marine organisms across
the Pacific Ocean after the 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami (see the
Perspective by Chown). Of the nearly 300 mainly invertebrate species that
reached the shores of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, most arrived attached to the
remains of manmade structures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt;background:#E6E6E6;
box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s' id=p-4><em><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Science</span></em><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>, this issue p.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aao1498"><b><span
style='color:#37588A'>1402</span></b></a>; see also p.<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aao5677"><b><span
style='color:#37588A'>1356</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt;background:#E6E6E6'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h2 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#E6E6E6;box-sizing: inherit;
font-size:1.5rem'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:2.8pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:18.0pt;background:#E6E6E6;
box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s' id=p-6><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#333333'>The 2011 East Japan
earthquake generated a massive tsunami that launched an extraordinary
transoceanic biological rafting event with no known historical precedent. We
document 289 living Japanese coastal marine species from 16 phyla transported
over 6 years on objects that traveled thousands of kilometers across the
Pacific Ocean to the shores of North America and Hawai‘i. Most of this
dispersal occurred on nonbiodegradable objects, resulting in the longest
documented transoceanic survival and dispersal of coastal species by rafting.
Expanding shoreline infrastructure has increased global sources of plastic
materials available for biotic colonization and also interacts with climate
change–induced storms of increasing severity to eject debris into the
oceans. In turn, increased ocean rafting may intensify species invasions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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