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<div class=Section1>
<h1 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Dramatic slaughter of whales and
sharks by hunters is depicted in hundreds of pieces of stunning 1,500-year-old
rock art on the Chilean coast<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=author-section style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>By<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=&authornamef=Cecile+Borkhataria+For+Mailonline"><span
style='color:windowtext'>Cecile Borkhataria</span></a><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=byline-section style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;min-height: 1px;
orphans: auto;widows: 1;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px'><span
class=article-timestamp-label><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black;text-transform:uppercase'>PUBLISHED:</span></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span></span><span class=article-timestamp><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>19 February 2018</span></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'> </span></span><span class=article-timestamp><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=byline-section style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5408369/Ancient-Chilean-rock-art-suggests-hunters-killed-whales.html<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='min-height: 1px;orphans: auto;widows: 1;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
word-spacing:0px'><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px;
orphans: auto;widows: 1;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Stunning
rock art on the Chilean coast has revealed how ancient hunter gatherers in the
area used harpoons and rafts to hunt marine animals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The cave
paintings date back to 1,500-years ago, and depict the slaughter of a variety
of creatures, including whales, sea lions, swordfish and sharks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The
pictographs, painted in iron-oxide, comprise of hundreds of hunting scenes and
portray a complex marine hunter-gatherer society. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Archaeological
evidence suggests that the society living in El Médano - a valley in between
the ocean and the desert - specialised in hunting marine creatures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Their
sophisticated fishing and hunting technology included fish-hooks made from
shell, bone, cactus spines and copper, and rafts made of sea lion skin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=635 height=363 id=i-1555500d7d1f4db5
src="cid:image001.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="Izcuña hunting scenes. The most commonly painted motif are large fish silhouettes, while other common motifs include hunting scenes with rafts and weapons. The ancient cave paintings date back to 1,500-years ago, and depict hunting scenes painted in iron-oxide"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Izcuña
hunting scenes. The most commonly painted motif are large fish silhouettes,
while other common motifs include hunting scenes with rafts and
weapons. The ancient cave paintings date back to 1,500-years ago, and
depict hunting scenes painted in iron-oxide<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>The paintings were discovered at a new site in El Médano, on the
Atacama Desert coast in northern Chile, with the findings published in the
journal<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/3109A81F4CAD9D0E8F2AE1730FC710B8/S0003598X17001855a.pdf/el_medano_rock_art_style_izcuna_paintings_and_the_marine_huntergatherers_of_the_atacama_desert.pdf"
target="_blank"><b><span style='color:#003580'>Antiquity</span></b></a>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'I think
the most significant discovery is the relationship between these human groups
and these marine animals, understanding how they were captured and technical
developments,' Benjamín Ballester, a researcher with the Prehistoric
Ethnology Team at the University Panthéon-Sorbonne in Paris and the lead author
of the study, told the MailOnline.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Rock art
was first found in El Médano in 1918, and for thousands of years only the local
Paposo people knew of it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=306 height=460 id=i-420d54d65109e0c7
src="cid:image002.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="Pictured is a cave-painting depicting a whale being hunted, dating back to 1,500 years ago"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l2 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=306 height=460 id=i-d6541bd695d7e1ea
src="cid:image003.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="The cave paintings depicting hunting scenes are located at a newly discovered sit called Izcuña, a few miles north of El Médano, Chile"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l6 level1 lfo7'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'In
hunting scenes, prey is always represented as oversized (averaging 3.9 times
bigger) compared to rafts and their crew,' Benjamín Ballester, the lead author
of the study, wrote. 'This style intentionally places the prey as the
protagonist, as evidenced by the detailed, meticulous depictions of the anatomy
and physiology of the animals'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=634 height=957 id=i-e3b63d567afa5d93
src="cid:image004.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="The cave paintings depicting hunting scenes are located at a newly discovered site called Izcuña, a few miles north of El Médano, Chile"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l11 level1 lfo8'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The cave
paintings depicting hunting scenes are located at a newly discovered site
called Izcuña, a few miles north of El Médano, Chile<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The
latest study focuses on a newly discovered sit called Izcuña, a few miles north
of El Médano.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The
pre-hispanic inhabitants of this coastline used strokes of intense red colour
to create images of whales, swordfish, marlin, squid, sea lion, turtles and
sharks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>While
some are hunting scenes, others depict rafts with seafarers and harpoon
lines. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>According
to the researchers, the paintings are based on the everyday experiences of
those inhabitants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Archaeological
evidence suggests that the society living in El Médano at the time specialised
in marine resource exploitation, and its sophisticated fishing and hunting
technology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>This
allowed the inhabitants of this area to be productive, creating permanent
residential camps located near water springs and on natural jetties, from which
small groups could explore large territories.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=634 height=422 id=i-7ed8ac8d0997abd4
src="cid:image005.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="According to the researchers behind the study, the paintings are based on the everyday experiences of those inhabitants. Archaeological evidence suggests that the society living in El Médano at the time specialised in marine resource exploitation"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l7 level1 lfo9'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>According
to the researchers behind the study, the paintings are based on the everyday
experiences of those inhabitants. Archaeological evidence suggests that the
society living in El Médano at the time specialised in marine resource
exploitation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=634 height=626 id=i-dc23233b93cb992d
src="cid:image006.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="Around 45 miles (75 km) north of Taltal, the El Médano ravine is home to one of the most remarkable rock art deposits in the South American Pacific watershed"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l4 level1 lfo10'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Around 45
miles (75 km) north of Taltal, the El Médano ravine is home to one of the most
remarkable rock art deposits in the South American Pacific watershed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>According
to the researchers, 328 paintings were found in the Izcuña ravine on 24 blocks
of rock.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Although
dense fog (called camanchaca) has bought moisture which has faded some of the
paintings, enough of it has been preserved to date it in comparison to
other El Médino art.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>The most
commonly painted motif are large fish silhouettes, while other common motifs
include hunting scenes with rafts and weapons. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><img border=0 width=634
height=526 id=i-8dcea43bbdee6305 src="cid:image007.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="Archaeological remains related to hunting activities: A–B) complete harpoon; C–D) rolled harpoon lines ; E) composite oar fragment - arrows indicate billet position; F) oar fragments; G) float outline from a raft made of sea lion skin; H) detail of the cactus spine and cotton zig-zag seam; I) float fragment with a spine seam from a raft made of sea lion skin"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l5 level1 lfo11'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Archaeological
remains related to hunting activities: A–B) complete harpoon; C–D)
rolled harpoon lines ; E) composite oar fragment - arrows indicate billet
position; F) oar fragments; G) float outline from a raft made of sea lion skin;
H) detail of the cactus spine and cotton zig-zag seam; I) float fragment with a
spine seam from a raft made of sea lion skin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>While
terrestrial animals such as turtles were represented in the paintings, marine
animals were rarely shown.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'In
hunting scenes, prey is always represented as oversized (averaging 3.9 times
bigger) compared to rafts and their crew,' Ballester wrote in his study. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'This
style intentionally places the prey as the protagonist, as evidenced by the
detailed, meticulous depictions of the anatomy and physiology of the
animals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'This is
contrasted by the simple, undetailed human drawings created using lineal
strokes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=633 height=418 id=i-91a2d656271643eb
src="cid:image008.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="Sea lion skin raft with two seafarers, illustrated by Alcides D'Orbigny in Cobija, 1830. The rafts comprised two large cylindrical floating sections made of sea lion skin, which when tied together measured almost 3 metres (9.8 feet) in length"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l9 level1 lfo12'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Sea lion
skin raft with two seafarers, illustrated by Alcides D'Orbigny in Cobija, 1830.
The rafts comprised two large cylindrical floating sections made of sea lion
skin, which when tied together measured almost 3 metres (9.8 feet) in length<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'Detail
here is limited to the occasional seafarer’s headdress, represented by
two lateral protuberances.'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>During
previous excavations, archaeologists found makeshift harpoons dating back to
7,000 years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'The rock
art offers clues concerning hunting strategies, such as labour organisation,
hunting roles, the number of harpoon lines involved in the hunt, animal
movement during the chase, the position of attack and the perspectives of
painters,' Ballester wrote. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=634 height=466 id=i-e47d0711f8c13621
src="cid:image009.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="General view of the coastal mountain range (Left) and the Izcuña ravine (Right) where the rock art was found, in El Médano on the Atacama Desert coast of Chile"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l3 level1 lfo13'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>General
view of the coastal mountain range (Left) and the Izcuña ravine (Right) where
the rock art was found, in El Médano on the Atacama Desert coast of
Chile<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'They
also contain a huge corpus of information concerning the cultural knowledge of
animal anatomy, physiology and behaviour—essentially, their interspecies
relationships. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'For
unknown reasons, the pictographs usually represent successfully accomplished
hunting scenes, once the animal is harpooned. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;min-height: 1px'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>'Thus,
they most often represent success in the hunt, rather than the process of
hunting.' <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #FF6600 1.0pt;
padding:0in 0in 12.0pt 0in'>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:28.5pt;border:none;padding:0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6600'>WHAT IS
EL MEDANO'S ROCK ART HISTORY?<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
</div>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
discovery of Rock Art in El Médano was first recorded in April 1918.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Augusto
Capdeville, a custome official and expert in Taltal archaeology, recorded a set
of painted rocks in El Médano ravine, located five miles north from
Paposo, a small fishing town on the Atacama Desert coast. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Along
with a detailed map of the site, he recounted the presence of fishing nets,
rafts, 'llamas or guanaco herd', as well as 'Indians pointing with arrows to
guanacos, some of them kneeling, and others throwing harpoons to big fishes
(swordfishes), maybe whales, and others from the boats, picking with lines the
fishes.' <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;vertical-align:
top'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'><img
border=0 width=284 height=427 id=i-3271d8df77edd3e
src="cid:image010.jpg@01D3AF02.7135E830"
alt="The Izcuña, El Médano (Chile) cave paintings depicting hunting scenes date back to 1,500-years ago"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:25.5pt;background:#F3FFF3;vertical-align:
top'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:white'>+10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:0in;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:17.25pt;
mso-list:l1 level1 lfo14;background:#F3FFF3;vertical-align:top'><![if !supportLists]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#666666'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#666666'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid #FF6600 1.0pt;
padding:0in 0in 6.0pt 0in;background:#F3FFF3'>
<p class=imagecaption style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:9.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:15.0pt;background:#F3FFF3;
vertical-align:top;border:none;padding:0in;min-height: 1px'><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#666666'>The
Izcuña, El Médano (Chile) cave paintings depicting hunting scenes date back to
1,500-years ago<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
site was rediscovered in 1973, a local mining prospector had known of its
existence and revealed it to a geologist , who notified archaeologist Hans
Niemeyer. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It
was his work that determines the place of El Médano-style paintings in Atacama
Desert prehistory and Chilean archaeology.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Apparently,
Niemeyer was not aware that Capdeville had previously visited the site and
recorded the paintings at El Médano.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Research
on the El Médano paintings has since taken place,
including interpretive, symbolic and archaeology of art approaches
(comparing local and coastal rock art to other styles in the Atacama
Desert). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=mol-para-with-font style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:17.25pt;background:#F3FFF3;
min-height: 1px'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Almost
100 years after Capdeville's recordings, researchers have discovered at least
four new ravines with similar paintings, located close to El Médano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><br>
<br>
<br>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br />
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<td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 12px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Virus-free. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient&utm_term=link" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a>
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