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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>NOAA
publishes global list of fisheries and their risks to marine mammals<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>by<span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='color:#292B2C'> </span></span><a
href="https://news.mongabay.com/by/ongabay-com/"><span style='color:black'>Mongabay.com</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space><span style='color:#292B2C'> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>2
April 2018<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>https://news.mongabay.com/2018/04/noaa-publishes-global-list-of-fisheries-and-their-risks-to-marine-mammals/?utm_source=Mongabay+Email+Alerts&utm_campaign=07a5331e6c-mailchimp_conservation_weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e1ea8b5f35-07a5331e6c-76256527<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>The U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has published the first list of foreign
fisheries, detailing the risks that commercial fishing around the world pose to
marine mammals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>“The
[List of Foreign Fisheries] is an important milestone because it provides the
global community a view into the marine mammal bycatch levels of commercially
relevant fisheries,” according to<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/foreign/international-affairs/list-foreign-fisheries"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>a statement published on the NOAA
Fisheries website</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=p1 style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>“In addition, it offers
us a better understanding of the impacts of marine mammal bycatch, an
improvement of tools and scientific approaches to mitigating those impacts, and
establishes a new level of international cooperation in achieving these objectives,”
the statement says.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>The register is a step toward
meeting specific requirements in the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#45AAE8'>Marine Mammal Protection Act</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>on the sources of fish imported into
the U.S. It includes nearly 4,000 fisheries across some 135 countries. These
fisheries have until 2022 to demonstrate that the methods they use to catch
fish, as well as other marine animals such as coral, crabs, lobsters and
shellfish, either aren’t much of a danger to marine mammals, or they
employ comparable methods and mitigation measures to similar operations in the
United States.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>Fishing
nets can exact a high toll on animals that fishers don’t intend to catch.
Nets themselves<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/bycatch" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#45AAE8'>can trap dolphins, porpoises, seals and sea lions</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>as bycatch. In Mexico, a fishery
targeting the totoaba for its swim bladders that fetch high prices in Asian
markets<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://news.mongabay.com/2018/03/only-12-vaquita-porpoises-remain-watchdog-groups-report/"><span
style='color:#45AAE8'>has decimated the tiny porpoise</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>known as the vaquita (<em><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Phocoena sinus</span></em>). Perhaps
as few as 12 remain in the wild.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>The
lines from traps, pots and nets<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://news.mongabay.com/2018/03/ropeless-consortium-aims-to-end-entanglements-of-declining-north-atlantic-right-whales/"><span
style='color:#45AAE8'>can also ensnare even the largest animals in the ocean</span></a>.
Recent research has shown that almost every one of the estimated remaining 451
North Atlantic right whales (<em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Eubalaena
glacialis</span></em>) either is toting errant fishing equipment around or it
bears the scars of entanglements with gear. These ropes can cause injuries to
right whales and other animals that can lead to infection or death. And towing
pieces of gear that can be longer than the whale’s body causes<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://phys.org/news/2015-12-fishing-gear-entanglements-north-atlantic.html"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>what scientists call
“parasitic” drag</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>that
can interfere with the ability to find food.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=p1 style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>According to<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/08/15/2016-19158/fish-and-fish-product-import-provisions-of-the-marine-mammal-protection-act"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>the 2016 rule requiring the list</span></a>,
the requirement grew out of a 2008 petition to the Department of Commerce
brought by the Center for Biological Diversity and Turtle Island Restoration
Network to halt the import of swordfish from countries where fishing methods
put marine mammals and other animals in danger. In 2011 and 2012, other
environmental NGOs implored NOAA Fisheries to bar farmed salmon from Canada and
Scotland from entering the country. They alleged that fish farmers<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://theferret.scot/scottish-government-fish-farming-us-ban-seal-killing/"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>shoot seals to keep them from
picking off salmon</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt;
background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'><img
border=0 width=510 height=768 id="Imagen_x0020_2"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01D3D180.C9381030"
alt="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2018/04/02054408/510px-Sea_turtle_entangled_in_a_ghost_net.jpg"></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:18.0pt;
background:white'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>Nets
pose a threat to other marine animals, such as this sea turtle, in addition to
whales, dolphins and porpoises. Photo by Doug Helton,<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/fish1933.htm" target="_blank"><span
style='color:#45AAE8'>NOAA/NOS/ORR/ERD</span></a><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>[Public domain], via<a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sea_turtle_entangled_in_a_ghost_net.jpg"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>Wikimedia Commons</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>Far-reaching assessments of the
fisheries, ranging from the species they target and the number of boats and
fishers involved to the gear used and the known information about marine mammal
bycatch, allowed NOAA investigators to determine the risks to marine mammals.
If they deemed the threats to be minimal, such as with the cast-net fishery for
squid in Indonesia, the team designated it as “exempt.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>If they
did find risks, as in about 60 percent of the fisheries they looked at, they
labeled it “export.” These export fisheries now must demonstrate by
2022 that they are taking similar precautions to analogous fishing efforts in
the United States — such as using modified gear that reduces the threat
to marine mammals — to continue exporting their take to the U.S. market.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=p1 style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
margin:1rem 0px;word-wrap: break-word'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#292B2C'>“The long-term
conservation impact of the MMPA import rule and the creation of the List of
Foreign Fisheries demonstrate the potential impact of collaboration on marine
mammal conservation on a global scale — a strong step forward in our
efforts to achieve sustainable, resilient fisheries,” NOAA Fisheries<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><a
href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/noaa-fisheries-develops-list-foreign-fisheries-help-evaluate-scope-marine-mammal"
target="_blank"><span style='color:#45AAE8'>said on its site in November 2017</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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