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<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span class=epub-state><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Journal of
Biogeography <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span class=epub-state><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>First published: </span></span><span
class=epub-date><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>10
June 2018</span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.7pt;background:white'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13362"><span style='color:windowtext;
text-decoration:none'>https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13362</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:22.5pt;background:white'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'><o:p> </o:p></span></h2>
<h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:7.5pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;line-height:22.5pt;background:white'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>Phylogeography and species distribution
modelling reveal the effects of the Pleistocene ice ages on an intertidal
limpet from the south</span><span style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
color:#1C1D1E'>‐</span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1C1D1E'>eastern Pacific<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.7pt;background:white'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Pardo-Gandarillas%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Cecilia"
id="a1_Ctrl"><span lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>María
Cecilia Pardo</span><span lang=ES style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>‐</span><span lang=ES
style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Gandarillas</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez%2C+Christian+M"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Christian M. Ibáñez</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Torres%2C+Felipe+I"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Felipe I. Torres</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Sanhueza%2C+V%C3%ADctor"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Víctor Sanhueza</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Fabres%2C+Alejandra"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Alejandra Fabres</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Escobar-Dodero%2C+Joaqu%C3%ADn"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Joaquín Escobar</span><span
lang=ES style='font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:
none'>‐</span><span lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Dodero</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Mardones%2C+Fernando+O"><span
lang=ES style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Fernando O. Mardones</span></a></span><span
class=apple-converted-space><span lang=ES style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'> </span></span><span lang=ES style='font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:14.7pt;background:white'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=M%C3%A9ndez%2C+Marco+A"
id="a8_Ctrl"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Marco A. Méndez</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:19.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#414141;font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:#414141'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F1F1F;
font-weight:normal'>Aim<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.75pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>The
distribution and genetic composition of marine populations is the result of
climatic and oceanographic factors as well as life history strategies. Studying
species with wide distributions and high dispersal potential in sites that were
differentially affected during the Pleistocene glaciations provides an
opportunity to evaluate the genetic and distributional effect of glaciations on
marine populations, such as the limpet<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><i>Siphonaria
lesonii</i>. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the differential
effects of glaciations on areas covered and not covered by ice sheets during
the Pleistocene glaciations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F1F1F;
font-weight:normal'>Location<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.75pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>Intertidal
zone of the south</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
color:#1C1D1E'>‐</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1C1D1E'>eastern Pacific covering approximately 5,000 km of
coastline of Peru and Chile.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F1F1F;
font-weight:normal'>Methods<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.75pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>We
performed molecular analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data jointly, as well
as environmental niche modelling (ENM) of populations of the limpet<i>Siphonaria
lessonii</i>. Using ENM, we modelled the potential distributional range of the
species in the present and its distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum
(LGM).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F1F1F;
font-weight:normal'>Results<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.75pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>Two
lineages were found that were separated by a break at 41° S, corresponding
to the biogeographical discontinuity previously reported for this region. Both
of these lineages experienced genetic and demographical fluctuations that match
the Pleistocene glaciations; however, the variability was more intense in the
southern lineage. Phylogeography and ENM yielded complementary results for
the southern lineage, which experienced loss of genetic diversity and
habitat during the LGM, whereas the northern lineage evidenced loss of genetic
diversity without distributional changes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3 style='mso-margin-top-alt:9.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:9.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F1F1F;
font-weight:normal'>Main conclusions<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.75pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0in;background:white;box-sizing: border-box'><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>The
phylogeographical and ENM approaches suggest a historical scenario involving
demographic and distributional contractions of<span
class=apple-converted-space> </span><i>S. lessonii</i><span
class=apple-converted-space> </span>surviving in glacial refugia in the
southern portion of the south</span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Cambria Math","serif";color:#1C1D1E'>‐</span><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1C1D1E'>eastern Pacific. This
study is the first to include both phylogeographical and ENM analyses of marine
species from the Southern Hemisphere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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