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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Biological
Conservation 219 (2018) 20–27<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.004">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.004</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Measuring progress in marine protection: A
new set of metrics to evaluate the strength of marine protected area networks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Kelsey
E. Roberts⁎, Rebecca S. Valkan, Carly N. Cook<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><b><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'>A B S T R A C T<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Marine
protected areas (MPAs) have proven to be a valuable tool for both promoting the
sustainable use of marine resources and long-term biodiversity conservation
outcomes. Targets for marine protection under the Convention on Biological
Diversity have seen rapid growth in MPAs globally, with progress judged using
targets for total area protected rather than evaluating growth based on the
capacity to protect biodiversity. The value of a MPA network to biodiversity conservation
depends on a range of attributes of both individual MPAs and portfolios of
MPAs, which are not captured by simple area-based targets. Therefore, a clear
and efficient set of metrics are needed to effectively evaluate progress
towards building MPA networks, considering the representation and adequacy of
protection for biodiversity. We developed a universally applicable set of
metrics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>that
can evaluate network structure in relation to its capacity to conserve marine
biodiversity. These metrics combine properties of effective individual MPAs
with metrics for their capacity to function collectively as a network. To
demonstrate the value of these metrics, we apply them to the Australian MPA
network, the largest in the world. Collectively, the indicators suggest that
while Australia has made significant progress in building a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>representative
and well-structured MPA network, the level of protection offered to marine
biodiversity is generally low, with insufficient coverage of no-take MPAs
across many bioregions. The metrics reveal how the current value of the MPA
network could be greatly increased by reducing the prevalence of multi-use
zones that allow extractive activities known to negatively impact biodiversity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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