<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="City"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="metricconverter"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Gothic";
panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Gothic";
panose-1:2 11 6 9 7 2 5 8 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
h1
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:24.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;}
h2
{margin-top:12.0pt;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:3.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
page-break-after:avoid;
font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold;
font-style:italic;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
span.EstiloCorreo17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
font-family:Arial;
color:windowtext;}
p.contributor-listreveal, li.contributor-listreveal, div.contributor-listreveal
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
p.first-child, li.first-child, div.first-child
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0cm;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@page Section1
{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:768740399;
mso-list-template-ids:1033773140;}
@list l1
{mso-list-id:1134907107;
mso-list-template-ids:1401428544;}
@list l1:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:36.0pt;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l2
{mso-list-id:1204245725;
mso-list-template-ids:-106806558;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=ES link=blue vlink=purple>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><cite><i><font size=3
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica'>Science </span></font></i></cite><font
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica'> 12 Jul 2019:<br
style='box-sizing: inherit'>
Vol. 365, Issue 6449, pp. 116-117<br style='box-sizing: inherit'>
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9999<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white'><b><font size=3 color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333;font-weight:normal'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white'><b><font size=6 color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333;font-weight:normal'>Seabird clues to ecosystem health<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:-18.0pt;background:white'><span
class=name><font size=3 face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Helvetica'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Enriqueta Velarde</span></span></font></span><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#aff-1"
id=xref-aff-1-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><font
size=1 color=black><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0cm;text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></a>, <span class=name>Daniel
W. Anderson</span></span><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#aff-2"
id=xref-aff-2-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><font
size=1 color=black><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0cm;text-decoration:none'>2</span></font></a>, <span class=name>Exequiel
Ezcurra</span></span><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#aff-3"
id=xref-aff-3-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><font
size=1 color=black><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0cm;text-decoration:none'>3</span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white;box-sizing: inherit;cursor:pointer;
font-size:0.75rem'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'><font size=3
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><font
size=1 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'><img border=0
width=440 height=293 id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.gif@01D53EE7.605CCE40"
alt="Embedded Image" class="highwire-embed lazyloaded"
data-src="https://science.sciencemag.org/sites/default/files/highwire/sci/365/6449/116/embed/graphic-1.gif"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</span>
<p class=first-child align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:
0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;background:white;
box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s' id=p-4><font
size=1 face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica'>Elegant
terns (<em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Thalasseus elegans</span></font></i></em>) are
precise predictors of the fishery catch per unit effort of the Pacific sardine
in the <st1:place w:st="on">Gulf of California</st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white'><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><q
class=attrib id=attrib-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;
quotes: none;font-size:0.625rem;flex: 1 1 25%;color:#B3B3B3;margin-bottom:0px;
margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:0px;text-align:right;text-transform:
uppercase'>For millennia, humans have used seabird sightings and behavior as
indicators of conditions of the marine environment. Seabirds are highly visible
and nest in large colonies in normally constant locations, allowing efficient
data gathering. Different species can provide information on different parts of
the food chain. Individuals are often easier to observe and capture than other
marine organisms, allowing behavioral, anatomical, physiological, demographic,
and genetic information to be gathered (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-1"
id=xref-ref-1-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). In recent decades, seabird breeding and feeding observations
have revealed the connection between sea surface temperatures in upwelling
regions and seabird reproductive success, as well as the frequency with which
warm oceanographic anomalies occur and the evolution of seabird life history
strategies (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-2"
id=xref-ref-2-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>2</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-3"
id=xref-ref-3-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>3</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). These insights provide valuable information for sustainable
ecosystem management. Coordinated efforts to gather standardized seabird data
will be essential for monitoring the health of the global ocean.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-6><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Seabirds have
evolved a set of adaptations to their environment, such as being able to fly
long distances, locate and capture prey underwater, and find nesting sites safe
from predators and near highly productive marine regions, where they obtain
food. Seabirds have comparatively long life spans (20 to 60+ years), reach
sexual maturity late (between 2 and 10 years of age), reproduce annually, and
have small clutch sizes (one to three eggs) and long periods of chick
development (50 to 350 days) (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-4"
id=xref-ref-4-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>4</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). These traits likely evolved because of the large effort required
in delivering food to offspring from the open ocean, which can negatively
affect the chances of adults' survival to the next reproduction. Because
seabirds are long-lived and reproduce annually, a failed breeding in years of
low food availability has a smaller negative impact on their overall fitness (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-4"
id=xref-ref-4-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>4</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-7><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Seabirds are
sentinels in two ways. First, they can serve as biomonitors of ecosystem-scale
changes, such as the presence of organic pollutants or heavy metals in their
tissues and marine litter such as plastics and microplastics in their stomachs (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-5"
id=xref-ref-5-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>5</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). Second, they can be quantitative indicators of ecosystem
components such as fish abundance. Many instances of seabird breeding failures
or population declines have presaged fisheries collapses and, through their
diet composition and distribution shifts, they provide reliable signals of many
fish stocks (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-1"
id=xref-ref-1-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-2"
id=xref-ref-2-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>2</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-6"
id=xref-ref-6-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>6</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). These correlations are used to understand the dynamics of the
ocean environment (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-6"
id=xref-ref-6-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>6</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). Excessive fishing can also contribute to seabird distribution
shifts and population decline when seabirds and fishers compete for the same
resource (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-1"
id=xref-ref-1-3 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-7"
id=xref-ref-7-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>7</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-8><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Seabird diet
reflects the abundance of prey species within their foraging range (usually a
radius of hundreds of kilometers). This allows monitoring of the fish
populations on which they feed, which may be relevant to fisheries. However,
the relationship between seabird diet and prey abundance is often nonlinear and
threshold-driven, and the functional response of seabirds' food choice to
fluctuations in prey abundance must be known. For example, three seabird
species in the <st1:place w:st="on">Gulf of California</st1:place> track
sardine populations through their diet, showing a strong relationship with
industrial fisheries' catch per unit effort (CPUE) (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-6"
id=xref-ref-6-3 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>6</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-9><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Seabirds are
affected by changes at a range of time scales. Changes in the environment on a
scale of weeks or months may be reflected in reproductive performance. Because
of their longevity and annual reproduction, seabirds have relatively stable
populations on a year-to-year basis, so longer-term variability in
environmental conditions can be detected from fluctuations in population size (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-7"
id=xref-ref-7-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>7</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), changes in distributional ranges, or remote sensing of tagged
individuals.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-10><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Different seabird
parameters can be used in a complementary way and combined with environmental
parameters to provide useful information about marine ecosystem functioning (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-2"
id=xref-ref-2-3 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>2</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). For example, to understand the impact of oceanographic
phenomena on ecosystem components, Bost <em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>et al.</span></font></i></em> (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-8"
id=xref-ref-8-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>8</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>) used long-term datasets (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face="MS Gothic"><span style='font-family:"MS Gothic";color:#333333'>∼</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>18 years) on king penguins, including nesting population size,
breeding success, diet composition, food consumption, and foraging distance,
depth, time, and success, together with environmental variables such as sea
surface temperature, thermocline depth, and distance to polar front. They found
that under conditions of subtropical anomalies, the birds could find their prey
only by diving deeper and farther from their colony, resulting in a reduction
in breeding success and colony size.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-11><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Most fish stocks
have been seriously depleted, lowering ocean biodiversity and dangerously
threatening the structure and resilience of marine ecosystems. The practice of
monitoring and managing fish populations through single-stock models has failed
repeatedly, leading to the present critical state of global marine ecosystems. Ecosystem-based
management, an alternative proposed for better ocean management, requires deep
knowledge of complex ocean dynamics, including the impact of fishing activity
on ecosystem processes, to attain sustainable stocks. Unfortunately, this approach
is difficult to implement in ecosystems with limited data, as is the case in
most of the world's oceans. The use of indicator species such as seabirds that
react quickly to ecosystem changes and provide early warnings of unsustainable
stock harvest may be more appropriate (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-1"
id=xref-ref-1-4 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-6"
id=xref-ref-6-4 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>6</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-12><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Another
application of seabirds as sentinels is to inform about the effects of growing
variability in ocean conditions due to climate change, which causes changes in
the abundance and distribution of forage fish (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-9"
id=xref-ref-9-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>9</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). Seabirds are used directly to inform on the state of fish
stocks (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-1"
id=xref-ref-1-5 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>1</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-6"
id=xref-ref-6-5 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>6</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), or indirectly through changes in critical habitat linked with
changes in marine productivity and interactions in the food web. These studies
reveal the capability of sentinel species to adjust to large-scale changes, a
dynamic that needs to be better understood to determine the possible results of
ocean management strategies.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-13><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Data loggers
(small devices deployed on wild animals to record or transmit environmental and
physiological data) can play a key role in this effort by providing information
such as foraging area, water temperature, or diving depth (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-8"
id=xref-ref-8-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>8</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). For example, Harwood <em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>et al.</span></font></i></em> (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-10"
id=xref-ref-10-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>10</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>) have shown that population size, date of arrival at breeding
areas, body condition, and breeding success are affected by environmental
variables. Because seabirds adjust behaviorally to environmental changes,
monitoring of foraging activity and prey taken to nestlings may reveal
high-productivity areas or switches in diet to demersal prey when water
temperature increases (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-10"
id=xref-ref-10-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>10</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-11"
id=xref-ref-11-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>11</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-14><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Recent demographic
history studies by Ruiz <em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>et al.</span></font></i></em> (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-12"
id=xref-ref-12-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>12</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>) have shown that the coupled trophic relationship between
seabirds and forage fish likely evolved over hundreds of thousands of years. They
found that Heermann's gulls (<em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>Larus heermanni</span></font></i></em>)
nesting in the Gulf of California had two population expansions that roughly
coincided with population expansions of their two main fish prey, the Pacific
sardine (<em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica'>Sardinops sagax</span></font></i></em>, </span></font><font
color="#333333" face="MS Gothic"><span style='font-family:"MS Gothic";
color:#333333'>∼</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>317,000 to 218,000 years
before the present) and the northern anchovy (<em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>Engraulis mordax</span></font></i></em>,
</span></font><font color="#333333" face="MS Gothic"><span style='font-family:
"MS Gothic";color:#333333'>∼</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>92,000
to 30,000 years before the present), in the same region.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-15><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>A better
understanding of regime changes affecting fish body condition, fish behavior,
and fish and seabird migrations will be crucial for developing sustainable
fisheries (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-13"
id=xref-ref-13-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>13</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). This will require a globally coordinated effort to study
environmental changes relevant to marine species. Many local or regional
programs for gathering diverse ocean variables, such as mangrove cover, fish
abundance, plankton diversity, and seabird parameters, are in development (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-13"
id=xref-ref-13-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>13</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), but internationally coordinated efforts to gather and use
such data are in their infancy. Such coordinated efforts would also help in the
development of ocean observation programs, which can use seabird data and
oceanographic variables to generate ocean health standards and best practices (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-11"
id=xref-ref-11-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>11</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-13"
id=xref-ref-13-3 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>13</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-14"
id=xref-ref-14-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>14</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). For example, Moore and Kuletz (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-11"
id=xref-ref-11-3 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>11</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>) have shown how marine bird and mammal research can be included
in protocols of ocean observatories to develop marine ecosystem models.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-16><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>The <st1:City
w:st="on">Oslo</st1:City> and Paris Convention in the <st1:place w:st="on">North
Sea</st1:place> uses the northern fulmar (<em style='box-sizing: inherit'><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica'>Fulmarus glacialis</span></font></i></em>)
as an indicator species for acceptable ecological quality. The maximum
acceptable level is that fewer than 10% of fulmars may have more than <st1:metricconverter
ProductID="0.1 g" w:st="on">0.1 g</st1:metricconverter> of plastic in their
stomachs. Currently, more than 60% of fulmars exceed this amount, and only
remote Arctic locations approach the <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oslo</st1:place></st1:City>
and Paris Convention standards (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-5"
id=xref-ref-5-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>5</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>). Other large-scale, long-term international programs for the
observation of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, such as the Commission for
the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (</span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-14"
id=xref-ref-14-2 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>14</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), the Poseidon system (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-15"
id=xref-ref-15-1 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>15</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), the Distributed Biological Observatory, the Global Ocean
Observing System, and others (</span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-11"
id=xref-ref-11-4 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>11</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, </span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-13"
id=xref-ref-13-4 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>13</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>), are identifying essential ocean variables to monitor the
global ocean and its biological resources with standardized international
procedures (</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6449/116?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2019-07-11&et_rid=34815706&et_cid=2901745#ref-13"
id=xref-ref-13-5 style='box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'><em
style='box-sizing: inherit'><b><i><font color="#37588a" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:none'>13</span></font></i></b></em></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white;box-sizing: inherit;transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s'
id=p-17><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>It is unclear how
quickly different seabird species will be able to adapt to rapidly changing
environmental conditions, but, as sentinels of the health of the global ocean,
they are clearly providing a warning of the drastic effects that this fast pace
of changes is having on marine species worldwide. We have a chance to use the
knowledge provided by seabirds to make the right decisions to prevent the loss
of biodiversity and at the same time develop sustainable ways to harvest it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:22.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:white'><b><i><font size=4
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>References and Notes<o:p></o:p></span></font></i></b></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>1- J. F.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Piatt</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, <span class=cit-name-given-names>W. J.</span></span><span
class=cit-auth> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span
class=cit-name-surname>Sydeman</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>352</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>199</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2007</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>).</span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3354/meps07070&link_type=DOI"><font
size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>CrossRef</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>
</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000252795600018&link_type=ISI"><font
size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>Web of Science</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>
</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Mar.+Ecol.+Prog.+Ser.+352%2C+199+(2007)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>2- G.
R. W.</span></span></font></span><span class=cit-auth><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Humphries</span></span></font></span></span><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>et
al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">PICES
Press</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>23</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>18</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2015</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+PICES+Press+23%2C+18+(2015)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>3- E.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Velarde</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>E.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Ezcurra</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Condor</abbr> </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-vol><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>120</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>388</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2018</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Condor+120%2C+388+(2018)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>4- E. A.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-ed><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Schreiber</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, <span class=cit-name-given-names>J.</span></span><span
class=cit-ed> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span
class=cit-name-surname>Burger</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, Eds., </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-source><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Biology of Marine Birds</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-publ-name>CRC Press</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2001</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>).</span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Eds.%2C+Biology+of+Marine+Birds+(CRC+Press%2C+2001)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>5- B. D.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Hardesty</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, <span class=cit-name-given-names>T. P.</span></span><span
class=cit-auth> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span
class=cit-name-surname>Good</span></span></span>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>C.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Wilcox</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Ocean</st1:PlaceType>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Coast</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>. Manage.</abbr> </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-vol><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>115</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>4</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2015</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Ocean+Coast.+Manage.+115%2C+4+(2015)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>6- E.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Velarde</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>E.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Ezcurra</span></span></span>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>D. W.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Anderson</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">J.
Mar. Syst.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>146</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>82</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2015</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+J.+Mar.+Syst.+146%2C+82+(2015)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>7- D.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Anderson</span></span></font></span></span></st1:place></st1:City><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'> <span class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>et al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Sci.
Mar.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>43</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>1</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2017</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Sci.+Mar.+43%2C+1+(2017)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>8- C. A.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Bost</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'> <span class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>et al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Nat.
Commun.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>6</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>8220</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2015</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/ncomms9220&link_type=DOI"><font
size=1 color="#37588a"><span style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>CrossRef</span></span></font></a> <a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Nat.+Commun.+6%2C+8220+(2015)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>9- W.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Cai</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'> <span class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>et al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Nature</abbr> </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-vol><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>564</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>201</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2018</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Nature+564%2C+201+(2018)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>10- L.
A.</span></span></font></span><span class=cit-auth><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Harwood</span></span></font></span></span><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>et
al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Prog.
Oceanogr.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>136</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>263</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2015</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.pocean.2015.05.003&link_type=DOI"><font
size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>CrossRef</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>
</span></font><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Prog.+Oceanogr.+136%2C+263+(2015)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>11- S.
E.</span></span></font></span><span class=cit-auth><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Moore</span></span></font></span></span><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>K. J.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Kuletz</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Deep</st1:PlaceName>
<st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Sea</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> Res. Part II Top. </span></font></i></cite></span></font><cite><i><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;
font-style:normal'>Stud. Oceanogr.</abbr> </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-vol><b><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;font-weight:
bold'>162</span></span></font></b></span><cite><i><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;font-style:
normal'>, </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-fpage><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'>211</span></span></font></span><cite><i><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;
font-style:normal'>(</span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-pub-date><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'>2019</span></span></font></span><cite><i><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;
font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Deep+Sea+Res.+Part+II+Top.+Stud.+Oceanogr.+162%2C+211+(2019)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>12- E.
A.</span></span></font></span><span class=cit-auth><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Ruiz</span></span></font></span></span><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>E.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Velarde</span></span></span>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>A.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Aguilar</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Auk</abbr> </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-vol><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>134</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>308</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2017</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+Auk+134%2C+308+(2017)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>13- P.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Miloslavich</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'> <span class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'>et al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Glob.
Change Biol.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>24</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>2416</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2018</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Glob.+Change+Biol.+24%2C+2416+(2018)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>14- W. J.</span></span></font></span><span
class=cit-auth><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:
Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span
class=cit-name-surname><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>Sydeman</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
class=cit-etal><i><span style='font-style:italic'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>et
al</span></span></i></span><cite><i><font face=Helvetica><span
style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>., <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">Ecol.
</span></font></i></cite></span></font><cite><i><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;
font-style:normal'>Indic.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><font color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;font-weight:bold'>78</span></span></font></b></span><cite><i><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>458</span></span></font></span><cite><i><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>2017</span></span></font></span><cite><i><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333;
font-style:normal'>).</span></font></i></cite><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=.%2C+Ecol.+Indic.+78%2C+458+(2017)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:11.25pt;margin-left:0cm;background:white'><span
class=cit-name-given-names><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'>15- S.
K.</span></span></font></span><span class=cit-auth><font color="#333333"
face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span></font></span><span class=cit-name-surname><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>Lowerre-Barbieri</span></span></font></span></span><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'>, <st1:place w:st="on"><span class=cit-name-given-names>I.</span></st1:place><span
class=cit-name-given-names> A.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Catalán</span></span></span>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>A.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Frugård Opdal</span></span></span>, <span
class=cit-name-given-names>C.</span></span><span class=cit-auth> <span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></span><span class=cit-name-surname>Jørgensen</span></span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px dotted grey; cursor: help; font-style: italic; margin-right: 0.1em;">ICES
J. Mar. Sci.</abbr> </span></font></i><span style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span
class=cit-vol><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>76</span></span></b></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>, </span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-fpage>467</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'> (</span></font></i><span
style='box-sizing: inherit'></cite><span class=cit-pub-date>2019</span></span><cite><i><font
face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal'>). </span></font></i></cite></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><a
href="https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=article&q_txt=%2C+ICES+J.+Mar.+Sci.+76%2C+467+(2019)."
target="_blank"><font size=1 color="#37588a"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
8.0pt;color:#37588A'><span style='box-sizing: inherit'>Google Scholar</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Helvetica;
color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:11.25pt;
margin-left:0cm;background:white'><font size=3 color="#333333" face=Helvetica><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
<tr>
<td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 18px;"><a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank"><img src="https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/icons/icon-envelope-tick-round-orange-animated-no-repeat-v1.gif" alt="" width="46" height="29" style="width: 46px; height: 29px;" /></a></td>
<td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 17px; color: #41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Libre de virus. <a href="https://www.avast.com/sig-email?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient" target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;">www.avast.com</a> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"> </a></div></body>
</html>