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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:21.0pt'><i><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Nature</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> (2019) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#6F6F6F;mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#article-info"><span style='color:#006699'>Published: 07 August 2019</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Climate change and overfishing increase neurotoxicant in marine predators<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-1"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Amina T. Schartup</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-2"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Colin P. Thackray</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-3"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Asif Qureshi</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-4"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Clifton Dassuncao</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-5"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Kyle Gillespie</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-6"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Alex Hanke</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> & </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9?WT.ec_id=NATURE-201908&sap-outbound-id=6B0F0AF8F0EFB767BD9380FE46BE8D4AD5615D51&utm_source=hybris-campaign&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=000_CKN6573_0000013755_41586-Nature-EAlert-08-08-2019&utm_content=EN_internal_30753_20190808#auth-7"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext'>Elsie M. Sunderland</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:11.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:21.0pt;margin-left:0cm;background:#EEEEEE'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:21.0pt;background:white'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'>More than three billion people rely on seafood for nutrition. However, fish are the predominant source of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a potent neurotoxic substance. In the United States, 82% of population-wide exposure to MeHg is from the consumption of marine seafood and almost 40% is from fresh and canned tuna alone</span><sup><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9#ref-CR1" title="Sunderland, E. M., Li, M. & Bullard, K. Decadal changes in the edible supply of seafood and methylmercury exposure in the United States. Environ. Health Perspect. 126, 017006 (2018)."><span lang=EN-US style='color:#006699;vertical-align:baseline'>1</span></a></span></sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'>. Around 80% of the inorganic mercury (Hg) that is emitted to the atmosphere from natural and human sources is deposited in the ocean</span><sup><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9#ref-CR2" title="Horowitz, H. M. et al. A new mechanism for atmospheric mercury redox chemistry: implications for the global mercury budget. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17, 6353–6371 (2017)."><span lang=EN-US style='color:#006699;vertical-align:baseline'>2</span></a></span></sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'>, where some is converted by microorganisms to MeHg. In predatory fish, environmental MeHg concentrations are amplified by a million times or more. Human exposure to MeHg has been associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits in children that persist into adulthood, with global costs to society that exceed US$20 billion</span><sup><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9#ref-CR3" title="Bellanger, M. et al. Economic benefits of methylmercury exposure control in Europe: monetary value of neurotoxicity prevention. Environ. Health 12, 3 (2013)."><span lang=EN-US style='color:#006699;vertical-align:baseline'>3</span></a></span></sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'>. The first global treaty on reductions in anthropogenic Hg emissions (the Minamata Convention on Mercury) entered into force in 2017. However, effects of ongoing changes in marine ecosystems on bioaccumulation of MeHg in marine predators that are frequently consumed by humans (for example, tuna, cod and swordfish) have not been considered when setting global policy targets. Here we use more than 30 years of data and ecosystem modelling to show that MeHg concentrations in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) increased by up to 23% between the 1970s and 2000s as a result of dietary shifts initiated by overfishing. Our model also predicts an estimated 56% increase in tissue MeHg concentrations in Atlantic bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus thynnus</i>) due to increases in seawater temperature between a low point in 1969 and recent peak levels—which is consistent with 2017 observations. This estimated increase in tissue MeHg exceeds the modelled 22% reduction that was achieved in the late 1990s and 2000s as a result of decreased seawater MeHg concentrations. The recently reported plateau in global anthropogenic Hg emissions</span><sup><span style='font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1468-9#ref-CR4" title="Streets, D. et al. Global and regional trends in mercury emissions and concentrations. Atmos. Environ. 201, 417–427 (2019)."><span lang=EN-US style='color:#006699;vertical-align:baseline'>4</span></a></span></sup><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;letter-spacing:.15pt;mso-fareast-language:ES'> suggests that ocean warming and fisheries management programmes will be major drivers of future MeHg concentrations in marine predators.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
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