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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/srep"><i><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Scientific Reports</span></i></a></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> <b><span lang=EN-US>volume 10</span></b><span lang=EN-US>, Article number: 4485 (2020) <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#article-info"><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Published: 11 March 2020</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Light organ photosensitivity in deep-sea shrimp may suggest a novel role in counterillumination<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-1"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Heather D. Bracken-Grissom</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-2"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Danielle M. DeLeo</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-3"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Megan L. Porter</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-4"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Tom Iwanicki</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-5"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Jamie Sickles</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> & </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61284-9#auth-6"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Tamara M. Frank</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Extraocular photoreception, the ability to detect and respond to light outside of the eye, has not been previously described in deep-sea invertebrates. Here, we investigate photosensitivity in the bioluminescent light organs (photophores) of deep-sea shrimp, an autogenic system in which the organism possesses the substrates and enzymes to produce light. Through the integration of transcriptomics, <i>in situ</i> hybridization and immunohistochemistry we find evidence for the expression of opsins and phototransduction genes known to play a role in light detection in most animals. Subsequent shipboard light exposure experiments showed ultrastructural changes in the photophore similar to those seen in crustacean eyes, providing further evidence that photophores are light sensitive. In many deep-sea species, it has long been documented that photophores emit light to aid in counterillumination – a dynamic form of camouflage that requires adjusting the organ’s light intensity to “hide” their silhouettes from predators below. However, it remains a mystery how animals fine-tune their photophore luminescence to match the intensity of downwelling light. Photophore photosensitivity allows us to reconsider the organ’s role in counterillumination - not only in light emission but also light detection and regulation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
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