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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ES link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>They can be a source of clean, renewable energy, sustainable food, and more<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>To Save the Climate, Look to the Oceans<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>By </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/author/ayana-elizabeth-johnson/"><span lang=EN-US style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Ayana Elizabeth Johnson</span></a></span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>June 8, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/to-save-the-climate-look-to-the-oceans/?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=25b84ce340-briefing-dy-20200608&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-25b84ce340-45511414<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Learning to swim, in a pool in the Florida Keys, was pure joy. I was five and reveled in blowing bubbles and doing cannonballs. A few years later, when I learned to swim in the ocean, the vibe was different, not purely playful. The mantra was: never turn your back on the ocean. Because, I was warned, you need to keep an eye on the waves, to avoid getting pummeled, or worse. I was taught to navigate undertows and rip currents, to respect the power of the sea.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>As an adult, I re-learned this lesson of the ocean’s dangerous power watching climate change-fueled hurricanes smash into coastlines, and reading the science of sea level rise. But while we might respect the sea’s capacity to upend and rend lives and communities, what we have turned our backs on is its power to <i>heal</i>. This too we neglect at our peril. I don’t mean the ocean’s ability </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://academic.oup.com/heapro/article/35/1/50/5252008"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>to heal us emotionally</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, although we should probably make better use of that in these wild times. The healing power we most need to harness is the ocean as a source of climate <i>solutions</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>This is a much needed flip of the script. We often focus on the ways in which the ocean puts up with endless waves of abuse — pollution from oil spills, agriculture, factories, plastics; seawater heating up and acidifying due to greenhouse gases, driving fish toward the poles and disintegrating coral reefs; coastal ecosystems being bulldozed to build resorts and shrimp farms; the plunder of overfishing causing fish populations to plummet; the deep sea on the brink of </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2017.00418/full"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>being mined</span></a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2017.00418/full"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>, torn up</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> (perhaps needlessly) for minerals.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>That was perhaps as overwhelming for you to read as it was for me to write. For sure, we must keep our eyes on all that, and work to halt it. The ocean is in dire straits (and it’s so hard to write about it without inadvertent puns). <i>But,</i> know that it also offers us a way forward. It offers major opportunities to abandon fossil fuels, sequester tons of carbon, and create a sustainable food system. I’m talking about renewable offshore energy and algae biofuel, about coastal ecosystems and regenerative ocean farming. We are overdue for a reframe, from seeing the ocean as victim or threat, to appreciating it as hero.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Offshore Renewable Energy</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Around </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/coast-complicated.html"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>40 percent</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> of Americans live in coastal counties. Imagine if the homes and business along our coasts were powered by offshore wind and waves. This doesn’t have to remain a dream. Offshore, the wind blows more strongly and consistently than it does over land, so floating turbines could mean more energy, generated more reliably—and produced near population centers. However, while there are quite a few in development, Block Island Wind Farm, a few miles off of Rhode Island, is currently the, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00057/full"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>solitary offshore commercial wind farm operating</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> in the U.S. Between </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D88P6BMW"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>protracted permitting processes</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, the need for data on environmental impacts and the fact that wealthy coastal property owners are </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/14/nyregion/hamptons-wind-farm.html"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>fighting proposals</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> near their homes, we are </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://windeurope.org/about-wind/statistics/offshore/european-offshore-wind-industry-key-trends-statistics-2019/"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>way behind the UK, Germany</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> and other European countries at making use of this free, gusty resource.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Offshore wind </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D88P6BMW"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>can and should leap</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> from providing essentially zero percent of our national energy to over 10 percent by 2050 if we are to achieve the needed rapid decarbonization of our electricity grid. And then there’s the </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.boem.gov/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-program-overview"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>burgeoning technology</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> for harnessing the energy of waves and currents, and even spreading </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/floating-panels-buoy-predictions-of-global-solar-growth-spurt/"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>solar panels across the sea surface</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>. While we must take care with ocean ecosystems and species’ migratory routes when we choose installation locations, we also need to move quickly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Marine Ecosystems </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Not only can the ocean be a source of carbon-free energy, it can also sequester tons of carbon: so far, it has absorbed around </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2013GB004739#gbc20172-bib-0010"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>30 percent</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> of the carbon dioxide we have emitted by burning fossil fuels. Lately, there has been a lot of discussion of planting trees, billions of them, with no mention of the fact that </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/281/5374/237.full"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>about half</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> of global photosynthesis happens in the ocean. That land-centric myopia misses the carbon drawdown potential of </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13835"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>wetlands</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> and </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo1477"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>seagrasses</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092181819190117F"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>coral reefs</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> and </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2017.0891"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>oyster reefs</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.14303"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>kelp forests</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> and </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo1123?page=6"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>mangrove forests</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>In fact, wetlands can hold </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2001/land-carbon-sinks/"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>five times</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> more carbon in their soils than a temperate or tropical forest! And even though New York and New Jersey have already lost 85 percent of coastal wetlands, what little remains </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09269-z"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>reduced damages</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> during Superstorm Sandy by $625 million. Coastal ecosystems can often provide cheaper and more effective shoreline protection than sea walls, and “</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/insight/coastal-blue-carbon"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>blue carbon</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>” should not be overlooked. Protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems is a good investment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Algae Biofuel</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/biofuel/"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>Biofuels</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> produced on land—mostly ethanol from crops like corn and sugar—</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852410010138"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>often rely on</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> large amounts of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and require so much fossil fuel to produce that they can barely be considered green. Not so with algae grown along our coasts, although much research and infrastructure development is needed in order to produce algae biofuel at scale. The federal Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy (ARPA-E) Mariner program, which funds R&D, </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=arpa-e-programs/mariner"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>estimates that</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> the U.S. could grow 500 million dry metric tons of macroalgae annually, which equates to about 10 percent of national transportation demand. Plus, seaweeds absorb </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2790"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>tons of carbon dioxide</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> as they grow—kelp can grow </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-abstract/26/5/357/303510"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>up to two feet</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> in a single day, and turn sunlight into chemical energy </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12898-019-0218-z"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>more efficiently</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> than land plants. Even though I know the science, to me, photosynthesis still seems like magic.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>Regenerative Ocean Farming</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>We also can, and arguably should, use algae to power our bodies and feed our livestock, not just provide energy for our machines. With </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="http://www.fao.org/3/i9540en/i9540en.pdf"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>over 90 percent</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> of global fish stocks maximally exploited or overfished, we certainly can’t rely on wild fish to feed the world as our population approaches eight billion. At the same time, industrial aquaculture has been largely unsustainable, often focused on carnivorous fish that require a lot of feed and infrastructure. However, there is </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30886-3?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982219308863%3Fshowall%3Dtrue"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>huge potential</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> for a regenerative renaissance in ocean farming, focused on seaweeds and filter-feeding shellfish (oysters, mussels, clams, scallops), which live simply off sunlight and nutrients already in seawater.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>This type of ocean farming can </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2017.00100/full"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>reduce local ocean acidification</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> (photosynthesis!) and improve local water quality. Plus, seaweeds absorb excess </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00318884.2019.1622920"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>nitrogen and phosphorus</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> that runs off land </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://e360.yale.edu/features/the_nitrogen_fix_breaking_a_costly_addiction"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>from overuse of fertilizers</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> for industrial agriculture, and can cause ocean dead zones. Bonus: These “sea vegetables” have </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/65/12/535/1903132"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>high nutritional value</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, and when fed to cows can reduce their methane emissions by up to </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619321559"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>67 percent</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>As our economy struggles to recover from the coronavirus-triggered recession, it is also important to note that implementing these ocean-climate solutions can create many jobs. In the U.S., </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/econreport.html"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>the “blue economy” supports</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> around three million jobs and contributes $285 billion annually to GDP, from tourism, shipping, fishing and construction. And that can continue to grow. In the next decade, installing offshore wind from Maryland to Maine </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/us-job-creation-offshore-wind-report-roadmap-project-multi-state-cooperation-offshore"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>could support</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> over 36,000 full time jobs. As part of a </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://medium.com/@green_stimulus_now/a-green-stimulus-to-rebuild-our-economy-1e7030a1d9ee"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>green stimulus package</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>, a </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/a-call-to-action-for-a-climate-conservation-corps" target="_blank"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>Climate Conservation Corps</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> could put people to work re-planting coastal ecosystems. Scaling regenerative ocean farming could create </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/947831469090666344/Seaweed-aquaculture-for-food-security-income-generation-and-environmental-health-in-Tropical-Developing-Countries"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>millions</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> of direct and indirect jobs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>This is why we need a </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://elizabethwarren.com/plans/blue-new-deal"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>Blue New Deal</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> in addition to a Green one. The </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text"><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>Green New Deal resolution</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'> merely mentions the ocean once in passing. The ocean must go from afterthought to centerpiece if we are to address the climate crisis at the order of magnitude required.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:ES'>So when you think of climate solutions, don’t just think of rooftop solar panels and electric cars. Don’t turn your back on the ocean. It positively brims with climate solutions. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br /> <table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
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