[OANNES Foro] El NIño, La Niña, El Viejo, La Vieja y ahora El Padre (o El Niño permanente)

[raul sanchez]

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, VOL. 24, PA2221, doi:10.1029/2008PA001682, 2009
 
Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates
Sonali P. Shukla
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
Mark A. Chandler
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Jeff Jonas
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Linda E. Sohl
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Ken Mankoff
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
Harry Dowsett
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA

Pliocene sea surface temperature data, as well as terrestrial precipitation and temperature proxies, indicate warmer than modern conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific and imply permanent El Niño–like conditions with impacts similar to those of the 1997/1998 El Niño event. Here we use a general circulation model to examine the global-scale effects that result from imposing warm tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in both modern and Pliocene simulations. Observed SSTs from the 1997/1998 El Niño event were used for the anomalies and incorporate Pacific warming as well as a prominent Indian Ocean Dipole event. Both the permanent El Niño (also called El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions are necessary to reproduce temperature and precipitation patterns consistent with the global distribution of Pliocene proxy data. These patterns may result from the poleward propagation of planetary waves from the strong convection
 centers associated with the El Niño and IOD. 


      
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