[OANNES Foro] A simple spatially explicit neutral model explains the range size distribution of reef fishes

[Mario Cabrejos]

Global Ecology and Biogeography

First published: 21 February 2019

 <https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12899> https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12899


A simple spatially explicit neutral model explains the range size
distribution of reef fishes



<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Alzate%
2C+Adriana> Adriana Alzate
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Janzen%
2C+Thijs> Thijs Janzen
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Bonte%2
C+Dries> Dries Bonte
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Rosinde
ll%2C+James> James Rosindell
<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorStored=Etienne
%2C+Rampal+S> Rampal S. Etienne




Abstract


Aim


The great variation in range sizes among species has fascinated ecologists
for decades. Reef‐associated fish species live in highly spatially
structured habitats and adopt a wide range of dispersal strategies. We
consequently expect species with greater dispersal ability to occupy larger
ranges. However, empirical evidence for such a positive relationship between
dispersal and range size remains scarce. Here, we unveil the role of
dispersal on the range size distribution of reef‐associated fishes using
empirical data and a novel spatially explicit model.


Location


Tropical Eastern Pacific.


Major taxa studied


Reef‐associated fishes.


Time period


Underlying records are from the 20th and 21st centuries.


Methods


We estimated range size distributions for all reef‐associated fishes
separated into six guilds, each with different dispersal abilities. We used
a one‐dimensional spatially explicit neutral model, which simulates the
distribution of species along a linear and contiguous coastline, to explore
the effect of dispersal, speciation and sampling on the distribution of
range sizes. Our model incorporates biologically important long‐distance
dispersal events with a fat‐tailed dispersal kernel and also adopts a more
realistic gradual “protracted” speciation process than originally used in
neutral theory. We fitted the model to the empirical data using an
approximate Bayesian computation approach, with a sequential Monte Carlo
algorithm.


Results


Stochastic birth, death, speciation and dispersal events alone can
accurately explain empirical range size distributions for six different
guilds of tropical, reef‐associated fishes. Variation in range size
distributions among guilds are explained purely by differences in dispersal
ability with the best dispersers being distributed over larger ranges.


Main conclusions


Neutral processes and guild‐specific dispersal ability provide a general
explanation for both within‐ and across‐guild range size variation. Our
results support the theoretically expected, but empirically much debated,
hypothesis that high dispersal capacity promotes the establishment of large
range size.





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