[OANNES Foro] Can chlorination of ballast water reduce biological invasions?

[Mario Cabrejos]

Journal of Applied Ecology

First published: 30 October 2019

 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13528>
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13528

Can chlorination of ballast water reduce biological invasions?


<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Lin%2C+Yaping> Yaping Lin
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Zhan%2C+Aibin> Aibin Zhan
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Hernandez%2C+Marco+R> Marco R. Hernandez
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Paolucci%2C+Esteban> Esteban Paolucci
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=MacIsaac%2C+Hugh+J> Hugh J. MacIsaac
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Briski%2C+Elizabeta> Elizabeta Briski

Abstract

Ballast water has been identified as a leading vector for introduction of
non‐indigenous species (NIS). Recently, the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) implemented management standards - D‐2 - where all
large, commercial ships trading internationally are required to adopt an
approved treatment system using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation
or chlorination. However, current management regulations are based only on
the total abundance of viable taxa transported (i.e., total propagule
pressure), largely ignoring species richness (i.e., colonization pressure).

To determine the efficacy of chlorine treatment in reducing invasion risks
and changes in transported biological communities inside ballast tanks, we
used DNA metabarcoding‐based approaches to estimate colonization pressure
(here, the number of species/Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) introduced)
and relative propagule pressure (relative abundance of each species/OTU) of
zooplankton communities in control and chlorine treated tanks during four
transatlantic voyages.

Our study demonstrated that transport itself did not significantly reduce
colonization pressure of zooplankton species, nor did chlorine treatment.
Chlorine treatment altered community structure by reducing relative
propagule pressure of some taxa such as Mollusca and Rotifera, while
increasing relative propagule pressure of some Oligohymenophorea and
Copepoda species.

Synthesis and applications Chlorine treatment may not reduce invasion risks
as much as previously thought. Reduction in total propagule pressure does
not mean reduction in abundance of all species equally. While some taxa
might experience drastically reduced abundance, others might not change at
all or increase due to hatching from dormant stages initiated by chlorine
exposure. Therefore, management strategies should consider changes in total
propagule pressure and colonization pressure when forecasting risk of new
invasions. We therefore recommend adopting new approaches, such as DNA
metabarcoding‐based methods, to assess the whole biodiversity discharged
from ballast water. As species responses to chlorine treatment are variable
and affected by concentration, we also recommend a combination of different
technologies to reduce introduction risks of aquatic organisms.





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