[OANNES Foro] Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate

[Mario Cabrejos]

NATURE

Published online: 17 March 2021

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03371-z



*Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate*



Enric Sala1 ✉, Juan Mayorga1,2, Darcy Bradley2 , Reniel B. Cabral2 , Trisha
B. Atwood3 , Arnaud Auber4 , William Cheung5 , Christopher Costello2 ,
Francesco Ferretti6 , Alan M. Friedlander1,7, Steven D. Gaines2 , Cristina
Garilao8 , Whitney Goodell1,7, Benjamin S. Halpern9 , Audra Hinson3 ,
Kristin Kaschner8 , Kathleen Kesner-Reyes10, Fabien Leprieur11, Jennifer
McGowan12, Lance E. Morgan13, David Mouillot11, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes5
, Hugh P. Possingham14, Kristin D. Rechberger15, Boris Worm16 & Jane
Lubchenco17





The ocean contains unique biodiversity, provides valuable food resources
and is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. Marine protected areas
(MPAs) are an effective tool for restoring ocean biodiversity and ecosystem
services1,2 , but at present only 2.7% of the ocean is highly protected3 .
This low level of ocean protection is due largely to conflicts with
fisheries and other extractive uses. To address this issue, here we
developed a conservation planning framework to prioritize highly protected
MPAs in places that would result in multiple benefits today and in the
future. We found that a substantial increase in ocean protection could have
triple benefits, by protecting biodiversity, boosting the yield of
fisheries and securing marine carbon stocks that are at risk from human
activities. Our results show that most coastal nations contain priority
areas that can contribute substantially to achieving these three objectives
of biodiversity protection, food provision and carbon storage. A globally
coordinated effort could be nearly twice as efficient as uncoordinated,
national-level conservation planning. Our flexible prioritization framework
could help to inform both national marine spatial plans4 and global targets
for marine conservation, food security and climate action.

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