[OANNES Foro] Do changes in environmental and fishing pressures impact marine communities? An empirical assessment

[Mario Cabrejos]

Journal of Applied Ecology
Volume 47 Issue 4, Pages 741 - 750
Published Online: 10 Jun 2010


Do changes in environmental and fishing pressures impact marine communities? 
An empirical assessment
Marie-Joëlle Rochet 1*, Verena M. Trenkel 1 , André Carpentier 2 , Franck Coppin 2 , Luis Gil de Sola 3 , Jean-Pierre Léauté 4 , Jean-Claude Mahé 5 , Porzia Maiorano 6 , Alessandro Mannini 7 , Matteo Murenu 8 , GerJan Piet 9 , Chrissi-Yianna Politou 10 , Bruno Reale 11 , Maria-Teresa Spedicato 12 , George Tserpes 13 and Jacques A. Bertrand 1 
  1 Ifremer, B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes CEDEX 03, France ;   2 Ifremer, 150, quai Gambetta, BP 699, 62321 Boulogne-sur-Mer Cedex, France ;   3 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Muelle Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola, Spain ;   4 Ifremer, Place du Seminaire - BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France ;   5 Ifremer, 8, rue François Toullec, 56100 Lorient, France ;   6 Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Università di Bari, Via Orabona, 4 - 70125 Bari, Italy ;   7 Università di Genoa - DIP.TE.RIS., Viale Benedetto XV, 3 - 16132 Genoa, Italy ;   8 Dipartimento Biologia Animale ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, V.le Poetto, 1 - 09126 Cagliari, Italy ;   9 Wageningen IMARES, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands ;   10 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Agios Kosmas, 16777 Helliniko, Greece ;   11 C.I.B.M., V.le N. Sauro, 4 - 57128 Livorno, Italy ;   12 COISPA TECNOLOGIA & RICERCA, Via dei Trulli, 18/20, 70126 - BARI, Torre a Mare, Italy ; and   13 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, 71003 Poros, Heraklion, Greece 
  *Correspondence author.E-mail: mjrochet en ifremer.fr 
Copyright Journal compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society
KEYWORDS
bottom-up control . community metrics . compensation . ecosystem approach to fisheries . ecosystem assessment . functional groups . groundfish community . Mediterranean . North Atlantic . top-down control
ABSTRACT
1. The development of ecosystem approaches to environmental management implies the need to account for multiple pressures on ecosystems. Trends in multiple metrics that respond differently to changes in major environmental pressures need to be combined to evaluate the impacts of fishing and environmental changes on fish communities.

2. An exploited fish community is viewed as a three-level food chain in which the two upper levels, or functional groups, are targeted by fishing fleets, while the lowest level is subject to environmental variation. Qualitative modelling is used to predict changes at the two upper levels, that is, top-down vs. bottom-up perturbations. Abundance and length metrics are calculated from survey data for 14 Mediterranean and East-Atlantic groundfish shelf communities at both population and functional group levels. The joint likelihood of time trends in metrics is used to evaluate the evidence for different causes of changes.

3. A wide diversity of impacts is found to have equal evidence at the population level within each community. Consistency between the impacts identified and changes in pressures known from independent information is found at the functional group and community level. The results suggest that there is some compensation between species within functional groups.

4. Synthesis and applications. The method can be used to conduct an integrated assessment of community dynamics subject to multiple pressures. Joint trends in metrics provide evidence of which known pressures are having an impact on the community, and thus, which management actions should be taken to mitigate these changes.
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