[OANNES Foro] Impacts of Fishing Low-Trophic Level Species on Marine Ecosystems. Jorge Tam, IMARPE

[Mario Cabrejos]

Published Online July 21 2011
Science 26 August 2011: 
Vol. 333 no. 6046 pp. 1147-1150 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1209395 


Impacts of Fishing Low-Trophic Level Species on Marine Ecosystems
Anthony D. M. Smith1,*, Christopher J. Brown2,3, Catherine M. Bulman1, Elizabeth A. Fulton1, Penny Johnson1, Isaac C. Kaplan4, Hector Lozano-Montes5, Steven Mackinson6, Martin Marzloff1,7, Lynne J. Shannon8, Yunne-Jai Shin8,9, Jorge Tam10 1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. 2School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. 3Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Climate Adaptations Flagship, Brisbane, QLD 4163, Australia. 4National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. 5Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. 6Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK. 7Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia. 8University of Cape Town, Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute and Department of Zoology, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. 9Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EME 212, Ecosystèmes Marins Exploités, 34203 Sète, France. 10Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n, Callao, Perú. To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tony.d.smith en csiro.edu 

Abstract
Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY. 



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