[OANNES Foro] ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs

[Mario Cabrejos]

Science 6 July 2012: 
Vol. 337 no. 6090 pp. 81-84 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1221168 

ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs
Lauren T. Toth1, Richard B. Aronson1,2,*, Steven V. Vollmer3, Jennifer W. Hobbs1, Dunia H. Urrego1,4, Hai Cheng5,6, Ian C. Enochs7,8, David J. Combosch3, Robert van Woesik1, Ian G. Macintyre2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA. 2Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. 3Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Road, Nahant, MA 01908, USA. 4UMR-CNRS 5805 EPOC, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France. 5Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. 6Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 7Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. 8Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. E-mail: raronson en fit.edu
Abstract
Cores of coral reef frameworks along an upwelling gradient in Panamá show that reef ecosystems in the tropical eastern Pacific collapsed for 2500 years, representing as much as 40% of their history, beginning about 4000 years ago. The principal cause of this millennial-scale hiatus in reef growth was increased variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its coupling with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hiatus was a Pacific-wide phenomenon with an underlying climatology similar to probable scenarios for the next century. Global climate change is probably driving eastern Pacific reefs toward another regional collapse. 



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