[OANNES Foro] Commercial fishing alters the genetic traits of fish stocks

[Mario Cabrejos]

Science 6 December 2013: 
Vol. 342 no. 6163 pp. 1176-1177 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1245490 
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6163/1176.short
How Fisheries Affect Evolution
Andrea Belgrano1,2, Charles W. Fowler3
1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Turistgatan 5, SE-453 30 Lysekil, Sweden. 2Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment (SIME), Box 260, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. 3Biology Department, Seattle University, 901 12th Avenue, Post Office Box 222000, Seattle, WA 98122-1090, USA. E-mail: andrea.belgrano en slu.se; fowlerc en seattleu.edu
Summary
The extensive exploitation of marine resources by modern fisheries (see the figure) has wide-ranging effects on marine ecosystems. Across the world's oceans, size-selective harvesting by commercial fisheries has been a key driving force behind changes in phenotypic traits such as body size and age at maturation (1-3). These changes have altered the trophic structure of the affected ecosystems, disturbed predatorprey relationships, and modified trophic cascade dynamics (3, 4). Phenotypic changes can involve both ecological and evolutionary reactions to the effect of fishing, and there has been much debate about the relative roles of these reactions. This is important because genetic changes could result in long-term reductions in catches. Recent work has provided evidence for fisheries-induced evolutionary changes, with important implications for the sustainability of fisheries. 
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