[OANNES Foro] Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

[Mario Cabrejos]

Published Online August 7 2014
Science 29 August 2014: 
Vol. 345 no. 6200 pp. 1045-1048 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1252220


 


Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific


1.     <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Matthieu+Carr%C3%A9&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Matthieu Carré <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-1> 1, <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#corresp-1> *,  <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Julian+P.+Sachs&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Julian P. Sachs <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-2> 2,  <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Sara+Purca&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Sara Purca <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-3> 3,  <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Andrew+J.+Schauer&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Andrew J. Schauer <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-4> 4,  <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Pascale+Braconnot&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Pascale Braconnot <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-5> 5, <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Rommel+Angeles+Falc%C3%B3n&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Rommel Angeles Falcón <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-6> 6,  <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Mich%C3%A8le+Julien&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Michèle Julien <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-7> 7, 

2.     <http://www.sciencemag.org/search?author1=Dani%C3%A8le+Lavall%C3%A9e&sortspec=date&submit=Submit> Danièle Lavallée <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#aff-8> 8

1.    1UM2-CNRS–Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
2.    2School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Post Office Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
3.    3Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esquina Gamarra y general Valle S/N, Callao, Perú.
4.    4Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Post Office Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
5.    5Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, unité mixte CEA-CNRS–Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Orme des merisiers, Bâtiment 712, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
6.    6Ministerio de Cultura, Museo de sitio de Pachacamac, Lurín, Lima, Perú.
7.    7Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, UMR 7041, Maison René Ginouvès, 21 Allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre, France.
8.    8Archéologie des Amériques, UMR 8096, Maison René Ginouvès, 21 Allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre, France.

1.     <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1045.abstract#xref-corresp-1-1> ↵*Corresponding author. E-mail:  <mailto:matthieu.carre en univ-montp2.fr> matthieu.carre en univ-montp2.fr

2.     

·          <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/tab-abstract> ABSTRACT

Understanding the response of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming requires quantitative data on ENSO under different climate regimes. Here, we present a reconstruction of ENSO in the eastern tropical Pacific spanning the past 10,000 years derived from oxygen isotopes in fossil mollusk shells from Peru. We found that ENSO variance was close to the modern level in the early Holocene and severely damped ~4000 to 5000 years ago. In addition, ENSO variability was skewed toward cold events along coastal Peru 6700 to 7500 years ago owing to a shift of warm anomalies toward the Central Pacific. The modern ENSO regime was established ~3000 to 4500 years ago. We conclude that ENSO was sensitive to changes in climate boundary conditions during the Holocene, including but not limited to insolation.

 



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