[OANNES Foro] Ulva blooms caused by marine nutrient changes resulting from human activities

[Mario Cabrejos]

Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 57, No. 4, April 2020

First published: 04 March 2020

 <https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13587>
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13587

Macroalgal blooms caused by marine nutrient changes resulting from human
activities


<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Wang%2C+Hui> Hui Wang
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Wang%2C+Guangce> Guangce Wang
<https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorSt
ored=Gu%2C+Wenhui> Wenhui Gu

Abstract

1.	Macroalgal blooms (green tides) are occurring more frequently in
many regions of the world, leading to significant impacts on marine ecology
and economies. Although many studies and hypotheses have been proposed, the
exact mechanism of green tide formation remains unclear.
2.	The world's largest green tides recur in the Yellow Sea and this
area is representative for studying the origin and mechanism of green tide
formation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies related to green tides
and associated hypotheses for their formation.
3.	Rapid industrialization/urbanization and environmental protection
actions in coastal zones have led to an increase in nitrate (nitrite) and
decline in ammonium (ammonia), and this has resulted in increasing levels of
dissolved inorganic nitrogen in seawater.
4.	We found that presence of appropriate attachment substrates for Ulva
including laver culture rafts and certain hydrological conditions are
supplementary factors to green tide formation in the Yellow Sea.
5.	Changes in marine nutrient levels promote the production of nitric
oxide, which is essential for Ulva sporulation. Consequently, numerous
spores are created and attach to substrates including laver culture rafts
and parent Ulva thalli. These spores then develop into new thalli that are
capable of producing further spores. As a result, Ulva thalli rapidly occupy
vast areas of the sea and develop into green tides.
6.	Synthesis and applications. Our synthesis identifies that escalating
marine nitric oxide generation caused by various factors and its essential
role in Ulva sporulation are underlying and significant components in the
mechanism of green tide formation. We provide solutions such as the
improvement of comprehensive management of aquaculture and strict
restriction of marine nitrate pollution, to prevent green tides.
Furthermore, we propose an innovative wastewater treatment programme
combined with Ulva application to fulfil the standard of sustainable
development and circular economy.





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